Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst - Global and China Top Players Market Share and Ranking 2023
- Report Code : AMP2754480
- Published On: Oct, 2023
- Category : Chemicals & Materials
- Pages : 158
-
According to Research, the global market for Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst should grow from US$ million in 2022 to US$ million by 2029, with a CAGR of % for the period of 2023-2029.
By country, China accounted for percent of the global market last year and China’s market share increased from percent to percent. China Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst market should grow from US$ million in 2022 to US$ million by 2029, with a CAGR of % for the period of 2023-2029. The United States Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst market should grow from US$ million in 2022 to US$ million by 2029, with a CAGR of % for the period of 2023-2029.
By segment, Passenger Cars grew percent to account for percent of the total market sales, and Commercial Vehicles grew percent.
Developing practical and efficient automobile exhaust purification catalysts is one of the best measures to control automobile exhaust emissions. As the core of automobile exhaust purifier, catalysts are mainly composed of active components, carriers, additives and coatings. Among them, platinum group noble metals palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt) and rhodium (Rh) are the most commonly used active components in the three-way catalysts for automobile exhaust purification at present. Their role is to remove CO, HC NOx and other harmful gases are converted into CO2, H2O, N2, etc. through oxidation and reduction to reduce pollution.
This report studies and analyses global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst status and future trends, helps the client to determine the Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst market size of the total market opportunity by Treatment Technology, by Application, by company, and by region & country. This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the world market for Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst, and provides market size (in Tons & US$ million) and Year-over-Year growth, considering 2022 as the base year.
For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.
To assess the competitive environment within the market including supplier revenue, market share, and company profiles.
Highlights
(1) Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst market size, history data 2018-2023, and forecast data 2024 -2029, (US$ million) & (Tons)
(2) Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst sales, revenue, price by company, market share and industry ranking 2018-2023, (US$ million) & (Tons)
(3) China Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst sales, revenue, price by company, market share and industry ranking 2018-2023, (US$ million) & (Tons)
(4) Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst key consuming regions, consumption quantity, consumption value and demand structure
(5) Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst key producing regions, capacity, production, and year over year growth
(6) Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst industry chains, upstream, midstream and downstream
Market segment by players, this report covers
BASF
Johnson Matthey
Umicore
Shell
Cataler
Nikki-Universal
Nippon SHOUKUBAI
ExxonMobil
Topsoe
Clariant
Heraeus
Yara
Mtsubishi
Carus
Ecospray
STT Emtec
CHIYODA
Ne-Chemcat
CellMark Chemicals
Market segment by Treatment Technology, covers
Three Way Catalysts
Ammonia Leakage Catalyst
Disel Particulate Catalyst
Selective Catalyst Reduction
Gasoline Particle Capture
Others
Market segment by Application, can be divided into
Passenger Cars
Commercial Vehicles
Others
Market segment by regions, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Rest of Asia-Pacific)
South America (Brazil, Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa
Report Includes:
Chapter 1: to describe Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst product scope, global sales quantity, value and average price, China sales quantity, value and average price, development opportunities, challenges, trends, and policies.
Chapter 2: Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst market share and ranking of major manufacturers, sales quantity, revenue, average price, 2018-2023
Chapter 3: China Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst market share and ranking of major manufacturers, sales quantity, revenue, average price, 2018-2023
Chapter 4: Global key producing regions of Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst, percent & CAGR, 2018-2029
Chapter 5: Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst industry chain, upstream, medium-stream, and downstream.
Chapter 6: Segment by Type, sales quantity, average price, consumption value, percent & CAGR, 2018-2029
Chapter 7: Segment by Application, sales quantity, average price, consumption value, percent & CAGR, 2018-2029
Chapter 8: Segment in regional level, sales quantity, average price, consumption value, percent & CAGR, 2018-2029
Chapter 9: Segment in country level, sales quantity, average price, consumption value, percent & CAGR, 2018-2029
Chapter 10: Company profile, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product specifications, application, recent development, sales quantity, average price, revenue, gross margin.
Chapter 11: Conclusions
-
With tables and figures helping analyze worldwide Off Gas Treatment Catalyst Global and China Top Players market, this research provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
1 Market Overview1.1 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Definition
1.2 Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size and Forecast
1.2.1 By Consumption Value, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size，2018-2029
1.2.2 By Sales Quantity, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size，2018-2029
1.2.3 Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Average Selling Price (ASP)，2018-20291.3 China Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size and Forecast
1.3.1 By Consumption Value, China Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size，2018-2029
1.3.2 By Sales Quantity, China Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size，2018-2029
1.3.3 China Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Average Selling Price (ASP)， 2018-20291.4 Share of China Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market with Respect to the Global Market
1.4.1 By Consumption Value, China Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Share in Global, 2018-2029
1.4.2 By Sales Quantity, China Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Share in Global, 2018-2029
1.4.3 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size: China VS Global, 2018-20291.5 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Dynamics
1.5.1 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Drivers
1.5.2 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Restraints
1.5.3 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Industry Trends
1.5.4 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Industry Policy
2 Global Leading Manufacturers and Market Share2.1 By Revenue of Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst, Global Market Share by Company, 2018-2023
2.2 By Sales Quantity of Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst, Global Market Share by Company, 2018-2023
2.3 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Average Selling Price (ASP) by Company, 2018-2023
2.4 Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Participants, Market Position (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
2.5 Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Concentration Ratio
2.6 Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
2.7 Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Manufacturers Product Type
2.8 Head Office and Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Production Site of Key Manufacturer
2.9 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Capacity of Major Manufacturers and Future Plan
3 China Leading Manufacturers and Market Share3.1 By Revenue of Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst, China Market Share by Company, 2018-2023
3.2 By Sales Quantity of Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst, China Market Share by Company, 2018-2023
3.3 China Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Participants, Market Position (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
4 Global Producing Regions4.1 Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Capacity, Output and Capacity Utilization, 2018-2029
4.2 Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Capacity by Region
4.3 Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Production & Forecast by Region, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
4.4 Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Production by Region, 2018-2029
4.5 Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Production Market Share & Forecast by Region, 2018-2029
5 Industry Chain Analysis5.1 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Industry Chain
5.2 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Upstream Analysis
5.2.1 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Core Raw Materials
5.2.2 Main Manufacturers of Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Core Raw Materials5.3 Midstream Analysis
5.4 Downstream Analysis
5.5 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Production Mode
5.6 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Procurement Model
5.7 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Industry Sales Model and Sales Channels
5.7.1 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Model
5.7.2 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Typical Distributors
6 Sights by Treatment Technology6.1 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Classification
6.1.1 Three Way Catalysts
6.1.2 Ammonia Leakage Catalyst
6.1.3 Disel Particulate Catalyst
6.1.4 Selective Catalyst Reduction
6.1.5 Gasoline Particle Capture
6.1.6 Others6.2 By Treatment Technology, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Consumption Value & CAGR, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
6.3 By Treatment Technology, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Consumption Value, 2018-2029
6.4 By Treatment Technology, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, 2018-2029
6.5 By Treatment Technology, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Average Selling Price (ASP), 2018-2029
7 Sights by Application7.1 Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Segment by Application
7.1.1 Passenger Cars
7.1.2 Commercial Vehicles
7.1.3 Others7.2 By Application, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Consumption Value & CAGR, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
7.3 By Application, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Consumption Value, 2018-2029
7.4 By Application, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, 2018-2029
7.5 By Application, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Price, 2018-2029
8 Sales Sights by Region8.1 By Region, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Consumption Value, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
8.2 By Region, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Consumption Value, 2018-2029
8.3 By Region, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, 2018-2029
8.4 North America
8.4.1 North America Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst & Forecasts, 2018-2029
8.4.2 By Country, North America Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size Market Share8.5 Europe
8.5.1 Europe Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size & Forecasts, 2018-2029
8.5.2 By Country, Europe Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size Market Share8.6 Asia Pacific
8.6.1 Asia Pacific Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size & Forecasts, 2018-2029
8.6.2 By Country/Region, Asia Pacific Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size Market Share
8.7 South America
8.7.1 South America Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size & Forecasts, 2018-2029
8.7.2 By Country, South America Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size Market Share
8.8 Middle East & Africa
9 Sales Sights by Country Level9.1 By Country, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size & CAGR, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
9.2 By Country, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Consumption Value, 2018-2029
9.3 By Country, Global Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, 2018-2029
9.4 U.S.
9.4.1 U.S. Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size, 2018-2029
9.4.2 By Treatment Technology, U.S. Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.4.3 By Application, U.S. Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 20299.5 Europe
9.5.1 Europe Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size, 2018-2029
9.5.2 By Treatment Technology, Europe Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.5.3 By Application, Europe Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 20299.6 China
9.6.1 China Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size, 2018-2029
9.6.2 By Treatment Technology, China Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.6.3 By Application, China Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.7 Japan
9.7.1 Japan Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size, 2018-2029
9.7.2 By Treatment Technology, Japan Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.7.3 By Application, Japan Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.8 South Korea
9.8.1 South Korea Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size, 2018-2029
9.8.2 By Treatment Technology, South Korea Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.8.3 By Application, South Korea Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.9 Southeast Asia
9.9.1 Southeast Asia Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size, 2018-2029
9.9.2 By Treatment Technology, Southeast Asia Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.9.3 By Application, Southeast Asia Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 20299.10 India
9.10.1 India Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size, 2018-2029
9.10.2 By Treatment Technology, India Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.10.3 By Application, India Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.11 Middle East & Africa
9.11.1 Middle East & Africa Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Market Size, 2018-2029
9.11.2 By Treatment Technology, Middle East & Africa Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.11.3 By Application, Middle East & Africa Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
10 Manufacturers Profile10.1 BASF
10.1.1 BASF Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.1.2 BASF Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.1.3 BASF Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.1.4 BASF Company Profile and Main Business
10.1.5 BASF Recent Developments10.2 Johnson Matthey
10.2.1 Johnson Matthey Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.2.2 Johnson Matthey Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.2.3 Johnson Matthey Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.2.4 Johnson Matthey Company Profile and Main Business
10.2.5 Johnson Matthey Recent Developments10.3 Umicore
10.3.1 Umicore Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.3.2 Umicore Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.3.3 Umicore Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.3.4 Umicore Company Profile and Main Business
10.3.5 Umicore Recent Developments10.4 Shell
10.4.1 Shell Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.4.2 Shell Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.4.3 Shell Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.4.4 Shell Company Profile and Main Business
10.4.5 Shell Recent Developments10.5 Cataler
10.5.1 Cataler Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.5.2 Cataler Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.5.3 Cataler Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.5.4 Cataler Company Profile and Main Business
10.5.5 Cataler Recent Developments10.6 Nikki-Universal
10.6.1 Nikki-Universal Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.6.2 Nikki-Universal Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.6.3 Nikki-Universal Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.6.4 Nikki-Universal Company Profile and Main Business
10.6.5 Nikki-Universal Recent Developments
10.7 Nippon SHOUKUBAI
10.7.1 Nippon SHOUKUBAI Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.7.2 Nippon SHOUKUBAI Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.7.3 Nippon SHOUKUBAI Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.7.4 Nippon SHOUKUBAI Company Profile and Main Business
10.7.5 Nippon SHOUKUBAI Recent Developments
10.8 ExxonMobil
10.8.1 ExxonMobil Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.8.2 ExxonMobil Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.8.3 ExxonMobil Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.8.4 ExxonMobil Company Profile and Main Business
10.8.5 ExxonMobil Recent Developments
10.9 Topsoe
10.9.1 Topsoe Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.9.2 Topsoe Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.9.3 Topsoe Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.9.4 Topsoe Company Profile and Main Business
10.9.5 Topsoe Recent Developments10.10 Clariant
10.10.1 Clariant Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.10.2 Clariant Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.10.3 Clariant Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.10.4 Clariant Company Profile and Main Business
10.10.5 Clariant Recent Developments
10.11 Heraeus
10.11.1 Heraeus Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.11.2 Heraeus Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.11.3 Heraeus Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.11.4 Heraeus Company Profile and Main Business
10.11.5 Heraeus Recent Developments
10.12 Yara
10.12.1 Yara Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.12.2 Yara Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.12.3 Yara Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.12.4 Yara Company Profile and Main Business
10.12.5 Yara Recent Developments
10.13 Mtsubishi
10.13.1 Mtsubishi Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.13.2 Mtsubishi Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.13.3 Mtsubishi Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.13.4 Mtsubishi Company Profile and Main Business
10.13.5 Mtsubishi Recent Developments
10.14 Carus
10.14.1 Carus Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.14.2 Carus Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.14.3 Carus Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.14.4 Carus Company Profile and Main Business
10.14.5 Carus Recent Developments
10.15 Ecospray
10.15.1 Ecospray Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.15.2 Ecospray Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.15.3 Ecospray Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.15.4 Ecospray Company Profile and Main Business
10.15.5 Ecospray Recent Developments
10.16 STT Emtec
10.16.1 STT Emtec Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.16.2 STT Emtec Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.16.3 STT Emtec Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.16.4 STT Emtec Company Profile and Main Business
10.16.5 STT Emtec Recent Developments
10.17 CHIYODA
10.17.1 CHIYODA Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.17.2 CHIYODA Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.17.3 CHIYODA Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.17.4 CHIYODA Company Profile and Main Business
10.17.5 CHIYODA Recent Developments
10.18 Ne-Chemcat
10.18.1 Ne-Chemcat Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.18.2 Ne-Chemcat Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.18.3 Ne-Chemcat Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.18.4 Ne-Chemcat Company Profile and Main Business
10.18.5 Ne-Chemcat Recent Developments
10.19 CellMark Chemicals
10.19.1 CellMark Chemicals Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.19.2 CellMark Chemicals Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Models, Specifications, and Application
10.19.3 CellMark Chemicals Off-Gas Treatment Catalyst Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.19.4 CellMark Chemicals Company Profile and Main Business
10.19.5 CellMark Chemicals Recent Developments
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix12.1 Research Methodology
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources12.3 Market Estimation Model
12.4 Disclaimer
-
The Off Gas Treatment Catalyst Global and China Top Players Market has been segregated into various crucial divisions including applications, types, and regions. Each market segment is intensively studied in the report contemplating its market acceptance, worthiness, demand, and growth prospects. The segmentation analysis will help the client to customize their marketing approach to have a better command of each segment and to identify the most prospective customer base.
Report Objectives / Segmentation Covered :
By Companies / players:
By Regions:
By Type:
By Application:
Frequently asked questions(FAQ's):
Recognize the areas along the Off Gas Treatment Catalyst Global and China Top Players Market's value chain where players are generating value. To get a complete picture, kindly read the entire report.
During the projected year from 2025 to 2030, the Off Gas Treatment Catalyst Global and China Top Players Market is expected to grow at a CAGR of xx%.
The Off Gas Treatment Catalyst Global and China Top Players Market research study aids businesses in strategic planning so that they may realize and gain business value from their growth strategies.
This latest research publication on the Off Gas Treatment Catalyst Global and China Top Players Market is an in-depth market tracker that provides a comprehensive assessment of the challenges that manufacturers face in achieving new growth cycles in the current scenario.
