Global Sportswear Market Research Report with Opportunities and Strategies to Boost Growth- Impact and Recovery

  • Report Code : MAI2296269
  • Published On: Apr, 2021
  • Category : Food & Beverages
  • Pages : 117

  • Based on the Sportswear market development status, competitive landscape and development model in different regions of the world, this report is dedicated to providing niche markets, potential risks and comprehensive competitive strategy analysis in different fields. From the competitive advantages of different types of products and services, the development opportunities and consumption characteristics and structure analysis of the downstream application fields are all analyzed in detail. To Boost Growth during the epidemic era, this report analyzes in detail for the potential risks and opportunities which can be focused on.


    In Chapter 2.4 of the report, we share our perspectives for the impact of COVID-19 from the long and short term.

    In chapter 3.4, we provide the influence of the crisis on the industry chain, especially for marketing channels.

    In chapters 8-13, we update the timely industry economic revitalization plan of the country-wise government.


    Key players in the global Sportswear market covered in Chapter 5:

    UNDER ARMOUR

    Adidas

    Lining

    Vans

    Nike

    Fila Korea

    Lining

    New Balance

    Anta

    Anta


    In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Sportswear market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:

    Hats

    Upper Garment

    Under Clothing

    Skirts

    Other


    In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Sportswear market from 2015 to 2025 covers:

    Professional Athletic

    Amateur Sport


    Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8-13:

    North America (Covered in Chapter 9)

    United States

    Canada

    Mexico

    Europe (Covered in Chapter 10)

    Germany

    UK

    France

    Italy

    Spain

    Russia

    Others

    Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 11)

    China

    Japan

    South Korea

    Australia

    India

    South America (Covered in Chapter 12)

    Brazil

    Argentina

    Columbia

    Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 13)

    UAE

    Egypt

    South Africa


    Years considered for this report:

    Historical Years: 2015-2019

    Base Year: 2019

    Estimated Year: 2020

    Forecast Period: 2020-2025

     

  • With tables and figures helping analyze worldwide Global Sportswear market, this research provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.

    Table of Content

    1 Market Overview

    1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics

    1.2 Global Sportswear Market Size

    1.3 Market Segmentation

    1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis

    1.5 SWOT Analysis


    2. Market Dynamics

    2.1 Market Drivers

    2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges

    2.3 Emerging Market Trends

    2.4 Impact of COVID-19

    2.4.1 Short-term Impact
    2.4.2 Long-term Impact

    3 Associated Industry Assessment

    3.1 Supply Chain Analysis

    3.2 Industry Active Participants

    3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials
    3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers

    3.3 Alternative Analysis

    3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain


    4 Market Competitive Landscape

    4.1 Industry Leading Players

    4.2 Industry News

    4.2.1 Key Product Launch News
    4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans

    5 Analysis of Leading Companies

    5.1 UNDER ARMOUR

    5.1.1 UNDER ARMOUR Company Profile
    5.1.2 UNDER ARMOUR Business Overview
    5.1.3 UNDER ARMOUR Sportswear Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.1.4 UNDER ARMOUR Sportswear Products Introduction

    5.2 Adidas

    5.2.1 Adidas Company Profile
    5.2.2 Adidas Business Overview
    5.2.3 Adidas Sportswear Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.2.4 Adidas Sportswear Products Introduction

    5.3 Lining

    5.3.1 Lining Company Profile
    5.3.2 Lining Business Overview
    5.3.3 Lining Sportswear Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.3.4 Lining Sportswear Products Introduction

    5.4 Vans

    5.4.1 Vans Company Profile
    5.4.2 Vans Business Overview
    5.4.3 Vans Sportswear Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.4.4 Vans Sportswear Products Introduction

    5.5 Nike

    5.5.1 Nike Company Profile
    5.5.2 Nike Business Overview
    5.5.3 Nike Sportswear Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.5.4 Nike Sportswear Products Introduction

    5.6 Fila Korea

    5.6.1 Fila Korea Company Profile
    5.6.2 Fila Korea Business Overview
    5.6.3 Fila Korea Sportswear Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.6.4 Fila Korea Sportswear Products Introduction
    5.7 Lining
    5.7.1 Lining Company Profile
    5.7.2 Lining Business Overview
    5.7.3 Lining Sportswear Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.7.4 Lining Sportswear Products Introduction
    5.8 New Balance
    5.8.1 New Balance Company Profile
    5.8.2 New Balance Business Overview
    5.8.3 New Balance Sportswear Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.8.4 New Balance Sportswear Products Introduction
    5.9 Anta
    5.9.1 Anta Company Profile
    5.9.2 Anta Business Overview
    5.9.3 Anta Sportswear Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.9.4 Anta Sportswear Products Introduction

    5.10 Anta

    5.10.1 Anta Company Profile
    5.10.2 Anta Business Overview
    5.10.3 Anta Sportswear Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.10.4 Anta Sportswear Products Introduction

    6 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Product Types

    6.1 Global Sportswear Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

    6.1.1 Global Sportswear Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
    6.1.2 Global Sportswear Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
    6.1.3 Global Sportswear Price by Types (2015-2020)

    6.2 Global Sportswear Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)

    6.2.1 Global Sportswear Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
    6.2.2 Global Sportswear Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)

    6.3 Global Sportswear Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)

    6.3.1 Global Sportswear Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Hats
    6.3.2 Global Sportswear Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Upper Garment
    6.3.3 Global Sportswear Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Under Clothing
    6.3.4 Global Sportswear Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Skirts
    6.3.5 Global Sportswear Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Other

    6.4 Global Sportswear Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)

    6.4.1 Hats Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
    6.4.2 Upper Garment Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
    6.4.3 Under Clothing Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
    6.4.4 Skirts Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
    6.4.5 Other Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

    7 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Applications

    7.1 Global Sportswear Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)

    7.1.1 Global Sportswear Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
    7.1.2 Global Sportswear Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)

    7.2 Global Sportswear Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)

    7.2.1 Global Sportswear Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
    7.2.2 Global Sportswear Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)

    7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)

    7.3.1 Global Sportswear Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Professional Athletic (2015-2020)
    7.3.2 Global Sportswear Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Amateur Sport (2015-2020)

    7.4 Global Sportswear Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)

    7.4.1 Professional Athletic Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
    7.4.2 Amateur Sport Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

    8 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Regions

    8.1 Global Sportswear Sales by Regions (2015-2020)

    8.2 Global Sportswear Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)

    8.3 Global Sportswear Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)


    9 North America Sportswear Market Analysis

    9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis

    9.2 North America Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    9.3 North America Sportswear Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    9.4 North America Sportswear Market Forecast

    9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market

    9.6 North America Sportswear Market Analysis by Country

    9.6.1 U.S. Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate
    9.6.2 Canada Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate
    9.6.3 Mexico Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate

    10 Europe Sportswear Market Analysis

    10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis

    10.2 Europe Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    10.3 Europe Sportswear Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    10.4 Europe Sportswear Market Forecast

    10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market

    10.6 Europe Sportswear Market Analysis by Country

    10.6.1 Germany Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate
    10.6.2 United Kingdom Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate
    10.6.3 France Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate
    10.6.4 Italy Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate
    10.6.5 Spain Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate
    10.6.6 Russia Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate

    11 Asia-Pacific Sportswear Market Analysis

    11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis

    11.2 Asia-Pacific Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    11.3 Asia-Pacific Sportswear Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    11.4 Asia-Pacific Sportswear Market Forecast

    11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market

    11.6 Asia-Pacific Sportswear Market Analysis by Country

    11.6.1 China Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate
    11.6.2 Japan Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate
    11.6.3 South Korea Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate
    11.6.4 Australia Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate
    11.6.5 India Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate

    12 South America Sportswear Market Analysis

    12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis

    12.2 South America Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    12.3 South America Sportswear Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    12.4 South America Sportswear Market Forecast

    12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market

    12.6 South America Sportswear Market Analysis by Country

    12.6.1 Brazil Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate
    12.6.2 Argentina Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate
    12.6.3 Columbia Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate

    13 Middle East and Africa Sportswear Market Analysis

    13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis

    13.2 Middle East and Africa Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    13.3 Middle East and Africa Sportswear Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    13.4 Middle East and Africa Sportswear Market Forecast

    13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market

    13.6 Middle East and Africa Sportswear Market Analysis by Country

    13.6.1 UAE Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate
    13.6.2 Egypt Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate
    13.6.3 South Africa Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate

    14 Conclusions and Recommendations

    14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects

    14.2 Advice for Investors


    15 Appendix

    15.1 Methodology

    15.2 Research Data Source


    List of Tables and Figures
    Figure Product Picture
    Figure Global Sportswear Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
    Table Sportswear Key Market Segments
    Figure Global Sportswear Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020
    Figure Global Sportswear Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020
    Table SWOT Analysis
    Figure Global COVID-19 Status
    Figure Supply Chain
    Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Sportswear
    Table Major Players Revenue in 2019
    Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019
    Table UNDER ARMOUR Company Profile
    Table UNDER ARMOUR Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure UNDER ARMOUR Production and Growth Rate
    Figure UNDER ARMOUR Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Adidas Company Profile
    Table Adidas Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure Adidas Production and Growth Rate
    Figure Adidas Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Lining Company Profile
    Table Lining Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure Lining Production and Growth Rate
    Figure Lining Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Vans Company Profile
    Table Vans Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure Vans Production and Growth Rate
    Figure Vans Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Nike Company Profile
    Table Nike Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure Nike Production and Growth Rate
    Figure Nike Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Fila Korea Company Profile
    Table Fila Korea Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure Fila Korea Production and Growth Rate
    Figure Fila Korea Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Lining Company Profile
    Table Lining Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure Lining Production and Growth Rate
    Figure Lining Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table New Balance Company Profile
    Table New Balance Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure New Balance Production and Growth Rate
    Figure New Balance Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Anta Company Profile
    Table Anta Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure Anta Production and Growth Rate
    Figure Anta Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Anta Company Profile
    Table Anta Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure Anta Production and Growth Rate
    Figure Anta Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Global Sportswear Sales by Types (2015-2020)
    Table Global Sportswear Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)
    Table Global Sportswear Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)
    Table Global Sportswear Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)
    Table Global Sportswear Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)
    Table Global Sportswear Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)
    Table Global Sportswear Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)
    Table Global Sportswear Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)
    Table Global Sportswear Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Hats Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Hats Price (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Upper Garment Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Upper Garment Price (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Under Clothing Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Under Clothing Price (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Skirts Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Skirts Price (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Other Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Other Price (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Sportswear Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Hats (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Hats (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Sportswear Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Upper Garment (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Upper Garment (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Sportswear Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Under Clothing (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Under Clothing (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Sportswear Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Skirts (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Skirts (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Sportswear Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Other (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Other (2020-2025)
    Table Global Sportswear Sales by Applications (2015-2020)
    Table Global Sportswear Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)
    Table Global Sportswear Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)
    Table Global Sportswear Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)
    Table Global Sportswear Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)
    Table Global Sportswear Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)
    Table Global Sportswear Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)
    Table Global Sportswear Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Professional Athletic Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Professional Athletic Price (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Amateur Sport Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Amateur Sport Price (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Sportswear Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Professional Athletic (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Professional Athletic (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Sportswear Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Amateur Sport (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Amateur Sport (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Sportswear Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Table Global Sportswear Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
    Table Global Sportswear Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Sportswear Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019
    Figure Global Sportswear Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Table Global Sportswear Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
    Table Global Sportswear Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Sportswear Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
    Table Global Sportswear Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)
    Table Global Sportswear Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)
    Table Global Sportswear Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)
    Table Global Sportswear Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)
    Figure North America Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure North America Sportswear Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure North America Sportswear Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
    Figure North America Sportswear Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
    Figure North America COVID-19 Status
    Figure U.S. Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Canada Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Mexico Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Europe Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Europe Sportswear Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Europe Sportswear Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
    Figure Europe Sportswear Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
    Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
    Figure Germany Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure United Kingdom Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure France Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Italy Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Spain Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Russia Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Asia-Pacific Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Asia-Pacific Sportswear Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Asia-Pacific Sportswear Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
    Figure Asia-Pacific Sportswear Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
    Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
    Figure China Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Japan Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure South Korea Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Australia Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure India Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure South America Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure South America Sportswear Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure South America Sportswear Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
    Figure South America Sportswear Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
    Figure Brazil Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Argentina Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Columbia Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Middle East and Africa Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Middle East and Africa Sportswear Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Middle East and Africa Sportswear Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
    Figure Middle East and Africa Sportswear Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
    Figure UAE Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Egypt Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure South Africa Sportswear Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

     

  • The Global Sportswear Market has been segregated into various crucial divisions including applications, types, and regions. Each market segment is intensively studied in the report contemplating its market acceptance, worthiness, demand, and growth prospects. The segmentation analysis will help the client to customize their marketing approach to have a better command of each segment and to identify the most prospective customer base.

    Report Objectives / Segmentation Covered :
    By Companies / players:
      By Regions:
        By Type:
          By Application:
          Frequently asked questions(FAQ's):
          What gaps and opportunities are seen in the Global Sportswear Market?

          The flow of investment into the Global Sportswear Market, which is utilizing technologies to drive efficiency and high volume, clearly shows the market opportunity.

          What years are taken into account in the Global Sportswear Market study?

          The Global Sportswear Market study evaluates the year spans as follows: Historical year: 2019 to 2024; Base year: 2024; Forecast period**: 2025 to 2030 [** unless otherwise stated]

          What trends may have an impact on the Global Sportswear Market's growth?

          A handful of disruptive trends, nevertheless, will have a contradictory and significant impact on the development of the Global Sportswear Market as well as its distribution among its players

          What are the top priorities for the growth of the Global Sportswear Market?

          In this highly competitive and rapidly evolving Global Sportswear Industry, top strategic priorities such as innovation, diversification, and M&A would remain consistent.

          Our Clients