Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Report 2023
- Report Code : BIS1656826
- Published On: Nov, 2020
- Category : Chemicals & Materials
- Pages : 123
-
At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 disease began to spread around the world, millions of people worldwide were infected with COVID-19 disease, and major countries around the world have implemented foot prohibitions and work stoppage orders. Except for the medical supplies and life support products industries, most industries have been greatly impacted, and Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco industries have also been greatly affected.
In the past few years, the Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco market experienced a growth of xx, the global market size of Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco reached xx million $ in 2020, of what is about xx million $ in 2015.
From 2015 to 2019, the growth rate of global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco market size was in the range of xxx%. At the end of 2019, COVID-19 began to erupt in China, Due to the huge decrease of global economy; we forecast the growth rate of global economy will show a decrease of about 4%, due to this reason, Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco market size in 2020 will be xx with a growth rate of xxx%. This is xxx percentage points lower than in previous years.
As of the date of the report, there have been more than 20 million confirmed cases of CVOID-19 worldwide, and the epidemic has not been effectively controlled. Therefore, we predict that the global epidemic will be basically controlled by the end of 2020 and the global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco market size will reach xx million $ in 2025, with a CAGR of xxx% between 2020-2025.
This Report covers the manufacturers’ data, including: sales volume, price, revenue, gross profit, interview record, business distribution etc., these data help the consumer know about the competitors better. This report also covers all the regions and countries of the world, which shows a regional development status, including market size, volume and value, as well as price data.
Besides, the report also covers segment data, including: type segment, industry segment, channel segment etc. cover different segment market size, both volume and value. Also cover different industries clients information, which is very important for the manufacturers.
Section 1: Free——Definition
Section (2 3): 1200 USD——Manufacturer Detail
Nakhla
Godfrey Phillips India
Starbuzz
Eastern Tobacco
AL-WAHA
Mazaya
AlFakherdr
Al-Tawareg Tobacco
Shiazo
MujeebSons
Fantasia
Social Smoke
AL RAYAN Hookah
Cloud Tobacco
Haze Tobacco
Alchemisttobacco
Fumari
Dekang
Section 4: 900 USD——Region Segmentation
North America Country (United States, Canada)
South America
Asia Country (China, Japan, India, Korea)
Europe Country (Germany, UK, France, Italy)
Other Country (Middle East, Africa, GCC)
Section (5 6 7): 500 USD——
Product Type Segmentation (Single Flavor, Mixed Flavor, , , )
Industry Segmentation (Group Use, Personal Use, , , )
Channel (Direct Sales, Distributor) Segmentation
Section 8: 400 USD——Trend (2020-2025)
Section 9: 300 USD——Product Type Detail
Section 10: 700 USD——Downstream Consumer
Section 11: 200 USD——Cost Structure
Section 12: 500 USD——Conclusion
-
With tables and figures helping analyze worldwide Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco market, this research provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Section 1 Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Product Definition
Section 2 Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Manufacturer Share and Market Overview2.1 Global Manufacturer Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales volumes
2.2 Global Manufacturer Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Revenue
2.3 Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Overview
2.4 COVID-19 Impact on Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Industry
Section 3 Manufacturer Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Introduction3.1 Nakhla Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Introduction
3.1.1 Nakhla Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales volumes, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
3.1.2 Nakhla Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Distribution by Region
3.1.3 Nakhla Interview Record
3.1.4 Nakhla Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Profile
3.1.5 Nakhla Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Product Specification3.2 Godfrey Phillips India Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Introduction
3.2.1 Godfrey Phillips India Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales volumes, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
3.2.2 Godfrey Phillips India Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Distribution by Region
3.2.3 Interview Record
3.2.4 Godfrey Phillips India Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Overview
3.2.5 Godfrey Phillips India Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Product Specification3.3 Starbuzz Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Introduction
3.3.1 Starbuzz Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales volumes, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
3.3.2 Starbuzz Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Distribution by Region
3.3.3 Interview Record
3.3.4 Starbuzz Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Overview
3.3.5 Starbuzz Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Product Specification3.4 Eastern Tobacco Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Introduction
3.4.1 Eastern Tobacco Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales volumes, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
3.4.2 Eastern Tobacco Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Distribution by Region
3.4.3 Interview Record
3.4.4 Eastern Tobacco Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Overview
3.4.5 Eastern Tobacco Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Product Specification3.5 AL-WAHA Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Introduction
3.5.1 AL-WAHA Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales volumes, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
3.5.2 AL-WAHA Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Distribution by Region
3.5.3 Interview Record
3.5.4 AL-WAHA Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Overview
3.5.5 AL-WAHA Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Product Specification3.6 Mazaya Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Introduction
3.7 AlFakherdr Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Introduction
3.8
…
Section 4 Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Region Level)4.1 North America Country
4.1.1 United States Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.1.2 Canada Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.1.3 North America Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-20204.2 South America Country
4.2.1 South America Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-20204.3 Asia Country
4.3.1 China Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.3.2 Japan Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.3.3 India Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.3.4 Korea Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.3.5 Southeast Asia Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.3.6 Asia Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-20204.4 Europe Country
4.4.1 Germany Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.4.2 UK Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.4.3 France Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.4.4 Russia Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.4.5 Europe Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-20204.5 Africa Country
4.2.1 Africa Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-20204.6 Other Country and Region
4.6.1 Middle East Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.6.2 GCC Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size and Price Analysis 2015-2020
4.7 Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Region Level) Analysis 2015-2020
4.7 Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Region Level) Analysis
Section 5 Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Product Type Level)5.1 Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Market Size 2015-2020
5.2 Different Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Product Type Price 2015-2020
5.3 Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Analysis
Section 6 Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Industry Level)6.1 Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size 2015-2020
6.2 Different Industry Price 2015-2020
6.3 Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Analysis
Section 7 Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Channel Level)7.1 Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Sales Volume and Share 2015-2020
7.2 Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Analysis
Section 8 Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Forecast 2020-20258.1 Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Segmentation Market Forecast (Region Level)
8.2 Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Segmentation Market Forecast (Product Type Level)
8.3 Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Segmentation Market Forecast (Industry Level)
8.4 Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Segmentation Market Forecast (Channel Level)
Section 9 Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Segmentation Product Type9.1 Single Flavor Product Introduction
9.2 Mixed Flavor Product Introduction
9.3 Product Introduction
9.4 Product Introduction
9.5 Product Introduction
Section 10 Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Segmentation Industry10.1 Group Use Clients
10.2 Personal Use Clients
10.3 Clients
10.4 Clients
10.5 Clients
Section 11 Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Cost of Production Analysis11.1 Raw Material Cost Analysis
11.2 Technology Cost Analysis
11.3 Labor Cost Analysis
11.4 Cost Overview
Section 12 Conclusion
13 Methodology and Data Source13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources13.3 Disclaimer
Chart and Figure
Figure Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Product Picture from Nakhla
Chart 2015-2020 Global Manufacturer Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales volumes (Units)
Chart 2015-2020 Global Manufacturer Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales volumes Share
Chart 2015-2020 Global Manufacturer Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Revenue (Million USD)
Chart 2015-2020 Global Manufacturer Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Revenue Share
Chart Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume(Units) and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Chart Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Chart Nakhla Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales volumes, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
Chart Nakhla Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Distribution
Chart Nakhla Interview Record (Partly)
Chart Nakhla Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Profile
Table Nakhla Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Product Specification
Chart Godfrey Phillips India Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales volumes, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
Chart Godfrey Phillips India Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Distribution
Chart Godfrey Phillips India Interview Record (Partly)
Chart Godfrey Phillips India Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Overview
Table Godfrey Phillips India Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Product Specification
Chart Starbuzz Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales volumes, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
Chart Starbuzz Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Distribution
Chart Starbuzz Interview Record (Partly)
Chart Starbuzz Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Overview
Table Starbuzz Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Product Specification
Chart Eastern Tobacco Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales volumes, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
Chart Eastern Tobacco Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Distribution
Chart Eastern Tobacco Interview Record (Partly)
Chart Eastern Tobacco Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Overview
Table Eastern Tobacco Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Product Specification
Chart AL-WAHA Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales volumes, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2015-2020
Chart AL-WAHA Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Distribution
Chart AL-WAHA Interview Record (Partly)
Chart AL-WAHA Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Business Overview
Table AL-WAHA Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Product Specification
Chart United States Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart United States Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Canada Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Canada Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart North America Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart North America Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart South America Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart South America Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart China Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart China Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Japan Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Japan Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart India Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart India Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Korea Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Korea Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Southeast Asia Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Southeast Asia Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Asia Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Asia Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Germany Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Germany Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart UK Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart UK Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart France Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart France Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Russia Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Russia Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Europe Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Europe Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Africa Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Africa Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Middle East Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Middle East Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart GCC Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart GCC Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Region Level) Sales Volume 2015-2020
Chart Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Region Level) Sales Volume 2015-2020 Share
Chart Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Region Level) Market size 2015-2020
Chart Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Region Level) Market size 2015-2020 Share
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Volume (Units) 2015-2020
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Volume 2015-2020 Share
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Market Size (Million $) 2015-2020
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Market Size 2015-2020 Share
Chart Different Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Product Type Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Volume) 2015-2020
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Volume) 2015-2020 Share
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Value) 2015-2020
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Value) 2015-2020 Share
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Price ($/Unit) 2015-2020
Chart Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Sales Volume (Units) 2015-2020
Chart Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Share 2015-2020
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Segmentation Market Sales Volume (Unit) Forecast (Region Level) 2020-2025
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Segmentation Market Sales Volume Forecast (Region Level) Share 2020-2025
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Segmentation Market Size (Million USD) Forecast (Region Level) 2020-2025
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Segmentation Market Size Forecast (Region Level) Share 2020-2025
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Volume (Units) 2020-2025
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Volume (Units) Share 2020-2025
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Market Size (Million $) 2020-2025
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Market Size (Million $) 2020-2025
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Volume) 2020-2025
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Volume) Share 2020-2025
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Value) 2020-2025
Chart Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size (Value) Share 2020-2025
Chart Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Sales Volume (Units) 2020-2025
Chart Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Share 2020-2025
Chart Single Flavor Product Figure
Chart Single Flavor Product Advantage and Disadvantage Comparison
Chart Mixed Flavor Product Figure
Chart Mixed Flavor Product Advantage and Disadvantage Comparison
Chart Product Figure
Chart Product Advantage and Disadvantage Comparison
Chart Product Figure
Chart Product Advantage and Disadvantage Comparison
Chart Product Figure
Chart Product Advantage and Disadvantage Comparison
Chart Group Use Clients
Chart Personal Use Clients
Chart Clients
Chart Clients
Chart Clients
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources
-
The Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market has been segregated into various crucial divisions including applications, types, and regions. Each market segment is intensively studied in the report contemplating its market acceptance, worthiness, demand, and growth prospects. The segmentation analysis will help the client to customize their marketing approach to have a better command of each segment and to identify the most prospective customer base.
Report Objectives / Segmentation Covered :
By Companies / players:
By Regions:
By Type:
By Application:
Frequently asked questions(FAQ's):
Recognize the areas along the Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market's value chain where players are generating value. To get a complete picture, kindly read the entire report.
In 2024, the Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market share exceeded USD xx million. Between 2025 and 2030, it will grow at a CAGR of yy%.
The convergence of various vital triggers, including a major slowdown in Western economies, and some critical points in globalization, leads to the transformation of business in the Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market across the extensive corporate landscape.
Companies in the Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Industry are thoroughly researched and profiled in order to determine why certain trends will have a significant impact and how they will be factored into the Global Hookah (Shisha) Tobacco Market's trajectory and future outlook.
![bain](https://www.amplemarketreports.com/uploads/ca2683becb88940f3ccfe44c6a2dbefe.png)
![sorbwater](https://www.amplemarketreports.com/uploads/e7239c841bea43da0552492f33730483.jpg)
![pddynamic](https://www.amplemarketreports.com/uploads/3e3ea50c77a107645988b4db2adffc43.png)
![Gastite](https://www.amplemarketreports.com/uploads/47e137214a4479e0f06a24909987fd91.png)
![wayzn](https://www.amplemarketreports.com/uploads/c6fe613cdcd37ec0a16b5685872924b1.png)
![nelfc](https://www.amplemarketreports.com/uploads/310aacf1a5791dcb27a830435cfd4a05.jpg)
![UCDAVIS](https://www.amplemarketreports.com/uploads/c6be6089bdfb066c78e9a58b818ed359.png)
![Doosan](https://www.amplemarketreports.com/uploads/7eb0559d9b233077f9b6f00c7af01554.png)
![Huntsman](https://www.amplemarketreports.com/uploads/be59db7d240f744739d9384a5abd8256.png)
![Bioiberica](https://www.amplemarketreports.com/uploads/c000716182ee50c7400108d735137a8f.jpg)
![Apponboard](https://www.amplemarketreports.com/uploads/2fd65f30451e84dee0685f7081acdde3.png)
![Lazada Group](https://www.amplemarketreports.com/uploads/ae37d02b49e9962db6dc72b36c993c23.png)
![aksys](https://www.amplemarketreports.com/uploads/eb8b44c562bd87739c6c8b8b666e4409.png)
![Honeywell](https://www.amplemarketreports.com/uploads/c6784763001e7e0f1283b6080b3d2036.png)
![XTREMAX](https://www.amplemarketreports.com/uploads/77c43842d2a21eefdcd18962861cb0fc.png)