Global Holograms Market Research Report with Opportunities and Strategies to Boost Growth- Impact and Recovery
- Report Code : MAI2167321
- Published On: Apr, 2021
- Category : Semiconductor & Electronics
- Pages : 124
-
Hologram refers to the acquisition and processing of holograms with a digital sensor array, typically a CCD camera or a similar device.Typically, a hologram is a photographic recording of a light field, rather than of an image formed by a lens, and it is used to display a fully three-dimensional image of the holographed subject, which is seen without the aid of special glasses or other intermediate optics. The hologram itself is not an image and is usually unintelligible when viewed under diffuse ambient light. It is an encoding of the light field as an interference pattern of seemingly random variations in the opacity, density, or surface profile of the photographic medium.
Based on the Holograms market development status, competitive landscape and development model in different regions of the world, this report is dedicated to providing niche markets, potential risks and comprehensive competitive strategy analysis in different fields. From the competitive advantages of different types of products and services, the development opportunities and consumption characteristics and structure analysis of the downstream application fields are all analyzed in detail. To Boost Growth during the epidemic era, this report analyzes in detail for the potential risks and opportunities which can be focused on.
In Chapter 2.4 of the report, we share our perspectives for the impact of COVID-19 from the long and short term.
In chapter 3.4, we provide the influence of the crisis on the industry chain, especially for marketing channels.
In chapters 8-13, we update the timely industry economic revitalization plan of the country-wise government.
Key players in the global Holograms market covered in Chapter 5:
Qualcomm
AV Concepts
Zebra Imaging
Holoxica
ViewSonic Corp.
Provision Holdings Inc
Realview Imaging Ltd.
Musion Das Hologram Ltd
Konica Minolta Inc
Eon Reality Inc.
In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Holograms market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
Hardware (HW)
Software (SW)
In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Holograms market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Entertainment
Healthcare
Automotive
Retail Sector
Others
Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8-13:
North America (Covered in Chapter 9)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 10)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 11)
China
Japan
South Korea
Australia
India
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Argentina
Columbia
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 13)
UAE
Egypt
South Africa
Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025
-
With tables and figures helping analyze worldwide Global Holograms market, this research provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Table of Content
1 Market Overview1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics
1.2 Global Holograms Market Size
1.3 Market Segmentation
1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
1.5 SWOT Analysis
2. Market Dynamics2.1 Market Drivers
2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges
2.3 Emerging Market Trends
2.4 Impact of COVID-19
2.4.1 Short-term Impact
2.4.2 Long-term Impact
3 Associated Industry Assessment3.1 Supply Chain Analysis
3.2 Industry Active Participants
3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials
3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers3.3 Alternative Analysis
3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain
4 Market Competitive Landscape4.1 Industry Leading Players
4.2 Industry News
4.2.1 Key Product Launch News
4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans
5 Analysis of Leading Companies5.1 Qualcomm
5.1.1 Qualcomm Company Profile
5.1.2 Qualcomm Business Overview
5.1.3 Qualcomm Holograms Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.1.4 Qualcomm Holograms Products Introduction5.2 AV Concepts
5.2.1 AV Concepts Company Profile
5.2.2 AV Concepts Business Overview
5.2.3 AV Concepts Holograms Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.2.4 AV Concepts Holograms Products Introduction5.3 Zebra Imaging
5.3.1 Zebra Imaging Company Profile
5.3.2 Zebra Imaging Business Overview
5.3.3 Zebra Imaging Holograms Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.3.4 Zebra Imaging Holograms Products Introduction5.4 Holoxica
5.4.1 Holoxica Company Profile
5.4.2 Holoxica Business Overview
5.4.3 Holoxica Holograms Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.4.4 Holoxica Holograms Products Introduction5.5 ViewSonic Corp.
5.5.1 ViewSonic Corp. Company Profile
5.5.2 ViewSonic Corp. Business Overview
5.5.3 ViewSonic Corp. Holograms Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.5.4 ViewSonic Corp. Holograms Products Introduction5.6 Provision Holdings Inc
5.6.1 Provision Holdings Inc Company Profile
5.6.2 Provision Holdings Inc Business Overview
5.6.3 Provision Holdings Inc Holograms Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.6.4 Provision Holdings Inc Holograms Products Introduction
5.7 Realview Imaging Ltd.
5.7.1 Realview Imaging Ltd. Company Profile
5.7.2 Realview Imaging Ltd. Business Overview
5.7.3 Realview Imaging Ltd. Holograms Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.7.4 Realview Imaging Ltd. Holograms Products Introduction
5.8 Musion Das Hologram Ltd
5.8.1 Musion Das Hologram Ltd Company Profile
5.8.2 Musion Das Hologram Ltd Business Overview
5.8.3 Musion Das Hologram Ltd Holograms Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.8.4 Musion Das Hologram Ltd Holograms Products Introduction
5.9 Konica Minolta Inc
5.9.1 Konica Minolta Inc Company Profile
5.9.2 Konica Minolta Inc Business Overview
5.9.3 Konica Minolta Inc Holograms Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.9.4 Konica Minolta Inc Holograms Products Introduction5.10 Eon Reality Inc.
5.10.1 Eon Reality Inc. Company Profile
5.10.2 Eon Reality Inc. Business Overview
5.10.3 Eon Reality Inc. Holograms Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.10.4 Eon Reality Inc. Holograms Products Introduction
6 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Product Types6.1 Global Holograms Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.1 Global Holograms Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.2 Global Holograms Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.3 Global Holograms Price by Types (2015-2020)6.2 Global Holograms Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
6.2.1 Global Holograms Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
6.2.2 Global Holograms Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)6.3 Global Holograms Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)
6.3.1 Global Holograms Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Hardware (HW)
6.3.2 Global Holograms Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Software (SW)6.4 Global Holograms Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)
6.4.1 Hardware (HW) Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
6.4.2 Software (SW) Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Applications7.1 Global Holograms Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.1 Global Holograms Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.2 Global Holograms Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)7.2 Global Holograms Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)
7.2.1 Global Holograms Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
7.2.2 Global Holograms Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)
7.3.1 Global Holograms Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Entertainment (2015-2020)
7.3.2 Global Holograms Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Healthcare (2015-2020)
7.3.3 Global Holograms Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Automotive (2015-2020)
7.3.4 Global Holograms Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Retail Sector (2015-2020)
7.3.5 Global Holograms Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Others (2015-2020)7.4 Global Holograms Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)
7.4.1 Entertainment Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7.4.2 Healthcare Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7.4.3 Automotive Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7.4.4 Retail Sector Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7.4.5 Others Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
8 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Regions8.1 Global Holograms Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
8.2 Global Holograms Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
8.3 Global Holograms Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)
9 North America Holograms Market Analysis9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
9.2 North America Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.3 North America Holograms Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.4 North America Holograms Market Forecast
9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
9.6 North America Holograms Market Analysis by Country
9.6.1 U.S. Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
9.6.2 Canada Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
9.6.3 Mexico Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
10 Europe Holograms Market Analysis10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
10.2 Europe Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.3 Europe Holograms Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.4 Europe Holograms Market Forecast
10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
10.6 Europe Holograms Market Analysis by Country
10.6.1 Germany Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.2 United Kingdom Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.3 France Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.4 Italy Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.5 Spain Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.6 Russia Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
11 Asia-Pacific Holograms Market Analysis11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
11.2 Asia-Pacific Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.3 Asia-Pacific Holograms Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.4 Asia-Pacific Holograms Market Forecast
11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
11.6 Asia-Pacific Holograms Market Analysis by Country
11.6.1 China Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.2 Japan Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.3 South Korea Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.4 Australia Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.5 India Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
12 South America Holograms Market Analysis12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
12.2 South America Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.3 South America Holograms Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.4 South America Holograms Market Forecast
12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market
12.6 South America Holograms Market Analysis by Country
12.6.1 Brazil Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
12.6.2 Argentina Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
12.6.3 Columbia Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
13 Middle East and Africa Holograms Market Analysis13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
13.2 Middle East and Africa Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.3 Middle East and Africa Holograms Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.4 Middle East and Africa Holograms Market Forecast
13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
13.6 Middle East and Africa Holograms Market Analysis by Country
13.6.1 UAE Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
13.6.2 Egypt Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
13.6.3 South Africa Holograms Sales and Growth Rate
14 Conclusions and Recommendations14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects
14.2 Advice for Investors
15 Appendix15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Data Source
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Picture
Figure Global Holograms Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Table Holograms Key Market Segments
Figure Global Holograms Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020
Figure Global Holograms Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure Supply Chain
Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Holograms
Table Major Players Revenue in 2019
Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019
Table Qualcomm Company Profile
Table Qualcomm Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Qualcomm Production and Growth Rate
Figure Qualcomm Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table AV Concepts Company Profile
Table AV Concepts Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure AV Concepts Production and Growth Rate
Figure AV Concepts Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Zebra Imaging Company Profile
Table Zebra Imaging Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Zebra Imaging Production and Growth Rate
Figure Zebra Imaging Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Holoxica Company Profile
Table Holoxica Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Holoxica Production and Growth Rate
Figure Holoxica Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table ViewSonic Corp. Company Profile
Table ViewSonic Corp. Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure ViewSonic Corp. Production and Growth Rate
Figure ViewSonic Corp. Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Provision Holdings Inc Company Profile
Table Provision Holdings Inc Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Provision Holdings Inc Production and Growth Rate
Figure Provision Holdings Inc Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Realview Imaging Ltd. Company Profile
Table Realview Imaging Ltd. Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Realview Imaging Ltd. Production and Growth Rate
Figure Realview Imaging Ltd. Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Musion Das Hologram Ltd Company Profile
Table Musion Das Hologram Ltd Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Musion Das Hologram Ltd Production and Growth Rate
Figure Musion Das Hologram Ltd Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Konica Minolta Inc Company Profile
Table Konica Minolta Inc Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Konica Minolta Inc Production and Growth Rate
Figure Konica Minolta Inc Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Eon Reality Inc. Company Profile
Table Eon Reality Inc. Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Eon Reality Inc. Production and Growth Rate
Figure Eon Reality Inc. Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Global Holograms Sales by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Holograms Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Holograms Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Holograms Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Holograms Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Holograms Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Holograms Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Holograms Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Holograms Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)
Figure Global Hardware (HW) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Hardware (HW) Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Software (SW) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Software (SW) Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Holograms Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Hardware (HW) (2020-2025)
Figure Global Holograms Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Hardware (HW) (2020-2025)
Figure Global Holograms Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Software (SW) (2020-2025)
Figure Global Holograms Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Software (SW) (2020-2025)
Table Global Holograms Sales by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Holograms Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Holograms Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Holograms Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Holograms Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Holograms Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Holograms Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Holograms Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Figure Global Entertainment Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Entertainment Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Healthcare Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Healthcare Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Automotive Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Automotive Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Retail Sector Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Retail Sector Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Holograms Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Entertainment (2020-2025)
Figure Global Holograms Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Entertainment (2020-2025)
Figure Global Holograms Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Healthcare (2020-2025)
Figure Global Holograms Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Healthcare (2020-2025)
Figure Global Holograms Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Automotive (2020-2025)
Figure Global Holograms Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Automotive (2020-2025)
Figure Global Holograms Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Retail Sector (2020-2025)
Figure Global Holograms Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Retail Sector (2020-2025)
Figure Global Holograms Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)
Figure Global Holograms Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)
Figure Global Holograms Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Holograms Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Holograms Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Holograms Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Holograms Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Holograms Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Holograms Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Holograms Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global Holograms Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Holograms Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Holograms Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Holograms Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Figure North America Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Holograms Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Holograms Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure North America Holograms Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure U.S. Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Holograms Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Holograms Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Holograms Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Germany Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure United Kingdom Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Russia Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Holograms Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Holograms Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Asia-Pacific Holograms Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure China Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Australia Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Holograms Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Holograms Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure South America Holograms Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Brazil Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Argentina Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Columbia Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Holograms Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Holograms Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Holograms Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure UAE Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Egypt Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Holograms Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
-
The Global Holograms Market has been segregated into various crucial divisions including applications, types, and regions. Each market segment is intensively studied in the report contemplating its market acceptance, worthiness, demand, and growth prospects. The segmentation analysis will help the client to customize their marketing approach to have a better command of each segment and to identify the most prospective customer base.
Report Objectives / Segmentation Covered :
By Companies / players:
By Regions:
By Type:
By Application:
Frequently asked questions(FAQ's):
MI used a variety of industry standards such as NAICS, ICB, TRIC, and others to identify functional players in the industry, which they then shortlist and validate in an iterative process to finalize the most relevant players.
Global Holograms has a wide range of applications, including
It is expected that the Global Holograms Market will reach USD XX million by 2029.
The convergence of various vital triggers, including a major slowdown in Western economies, and some critical points in globalization, leads to the transformation of business in the Global Holograms Market across the extensive corporate landscape.
The Global Holograms analysis provides high-level qualitative commentary on market dynamics, including information on growth drivers, influential trends, challenges, and opportunities.
