Global Herbs & Spices Market Research Report with Opportunities and Strategies to Boost Growth- Impact and Recovery

Report Code : MAI2187325
Published On: Mar, 2021
Category : Food & Beverages
Pages : 115

Based on the Herbs & Spices market development status, competitive landscape and development model in different regions of the world, this report is dedicated to providing niche markets, potential risks and comprehensive competitive strategy analysis in different fields. From the competitive advantages of different types of products and services, the development opportunities and consumption characteristics and structure analysis of the downstream application fields are all analyzed in detail. To Boost Growth during the epidemic era, this report analyzes in detail for the potential risks and opportunities which can be focused on.

In Chapter 2.4 of the report, we share our perspectives for the impact of COVID-19 from the long and short term.
In chapter 3.4, we provide the influence of the crisis on the industry chain, especially for marketing channels.
In chapters 8-13, we update the timely industry economic revitalization plan of the country-wise government.

Key players in the global Herbs & Spices market covered in Chapter 5:
Herbs Egypt
SAFE HERBS
United
Spice Home Company
Alaghsan CO.
Alrehab Herbs
Alekhlas Herbs Spices
Nile Herbal

In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Herbs & Spices market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
Herbs
Spices

In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Herbs & Spices market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Food & Beverages
Personal Care
Nutraceutical
Pharmaceutical
Others

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8-13:
North America (Covered in Chapter 9)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 10)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 11)
China
Japan
South Korea
Australia
India
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Argentina
Columbia
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 13)
UAE
Egypt
South Africa

Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025
With tables and figures helping analyze worldwide Global Herbs & Spices market, this research provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.

Table of Content

1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics
1.2 Global Herbs & Spices Market Size
1.3 Market Segmentation
1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
1.5 SWOT Analysis

2. Market Dynamics
2.1 Market Drivers
2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges
2.3 Emerging Market Trends
2.4 Impact of COVID-19
2.4.1 Short-term Impact
2.4.2 Long-term Impact

3 Associated Industry Assessment
3.1 Supply Chain Analysis
3.2 Industry Active Participants
3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials
3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers
3.3 Alternative Analysis
3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain

4 Market Competitive Landscape
4.1 Industry Leading Players
4.2 Industry News
4.2.1 Key Product Launch News
4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans

5 Analysis of Leading Companies
5.1 Herbs Egypt
5.1.1 Herbs Egypt Company Profile
5.1.2 Herbs Egypt Business Overview
5.1.3 Herbs Egypt Herbs & Spices Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.1.4 Herbs Egypt Herbs & Spices Products Introduction
5.2 SAFE HERBS
5.2.1 SAFE HERBS Company Profile
5.2.2 SAFE HERBS Business Overview
5.2.3 SAFE HERBS Herbs & Spices Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.2.4 SAFE HERBS Herbs & Spices Products Introduction
5.3 United
5.3.1 United Company Profile
5.3.2 United Business Overview
5.3.3 United Herbs & Spices Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.3.4 United Herbs & Spices Products Introduction
5.4 Spice Home Company
5.4.1 Spice Home Company Company Profile
5.4.2 Spice Home Company Business Overview
5.4.3 Spice Home Company Herbs & Spices Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.4.4 Spice Home Company Herbs & Spices Products Introduction
5.5 Alaghsan CO.
5.5.1 Alaghsan CO. Company Profile
5.5.2 Alaghsan CO. Business Overview
5.5.3 Alaghsan CO. Herbs & Spices Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.5.4 Alaghsan CO. Herbs & Spices Products Introduction
5.6 Alrehab Herbs
5.6.1 Alrehab Herbs Company Profile
5.6.2 Alrehab Herbs Business Overview
5.6.3 Alrehab Herbs Herbs & Spices Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.6.4 Alrehab Herbs Herbs & Spices Products Introduction
5.7 Alekhlas Herbs Spices
5.7.1 Alekhlas Herbs Spices Company Profile
5.7.2 Alekhlas Herbs Spices Business Overview
5.7.3 Alekhlas Herbs Spices Herbs & Spices Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.7.4 Alekhlas Herbs Spices Herbs & Spices Products Introduction
5.8 Nile Herbal
5.8.1 Nile Herbal Company Profile
5.8.2 Nile Herbal Business Overview
5.8.3 Nile Herbal Herbs & Spices Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.8.4 Nile Herbal Herbs & Spices Products Introduction

6 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Product Types
6.1 Global Herbs & Spices Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.1 Global Herbs & Spices Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.2 Global Herbs & Spices Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.3 Global Herbs & Spices Price by Types (2015-2020)
6.2 Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
6.2.1 Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
6.2.2 Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
6.3 Global Herbs & Spices Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)
6.3.1 Global Herbs & Spices Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Herbs
6.3.2 Global Herbs & Spices Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Spices
6.4 Global Herbs & Spices Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)
6.4.1 Herbs Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
6.4.2 Spices Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

7 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Applications
7.1 Global Herbs & Spices Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.1 Global Herbs & Spices Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.2 Global Herbs & Spices Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.2 Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)
7.2.1 Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
7.2.2 Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)
7.3.1 Global Herbs & Spices Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Food & Beverages (2015-2020)
7.3.2 Global Herbs & Spices Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Personal Care (2015-2020)
7.3.3 Global Herbs & Spices Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Nutraceutical (2015-2020)
7.3.4 Global Herbs & Spices Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Pharmaceutical (2015-2020)
7.3.5 Global Herbs & Spices Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Others (2015-2020)
7.4 Global Herbs & Spices Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)
7.4.1 Food & Beverages Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7.4.2 Personal Care Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7.4.3 Nutraceutical Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7.4.4 Pharmaceutical Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7.4.5 Others Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

8 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Regions
8.1 Global Herbs & Spices Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
8.2 Global Herbs & Spices Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
8.3 Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)

9 North America Herbs & Spices Market Analysis
9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
9.2 North America Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.3 North America Herbs & Spices Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.4 North America Herbs & Spices Market Forecast
9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
9.6 North America Herbs & Spices Market Analysis by Country
9.6.1 U.S. Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate
9.6.2 Canada Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate
9.6.3 Mexico Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate

10 Europe Herbs & Spices Market Analysis
10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
10.2 Europe Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.3 Europe Herbs & Spices Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.4 Europe Herbs & Spices Market Forecast
10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
10.6 Europe Herbs & Spices Market Analysis by Country
10.6.1 Germany Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.2 United Kingdom Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.3 France Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.4 Italy Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.5 Spain Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.6 Russia Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate

11 Asia-Pacific Herbs & Spices Market Analysis
11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
11.2 Asia-Pacific Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.3 Asia-Pacific Herbs & Spices Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.4 Asia-Pacific Herbs & Spices Market Forecast
11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
11.6 Asia-Pacific Herbs & Spices Market Analysis by Country
11.6.1 China Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.2 Japan Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.3 South Korea Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.4 Australia Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.5 India Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate

12 South America Herbs & Spices Market Analysis
12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
12.2 South America Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.3 South America Herbs & Spices Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.4 South America Herbs & Spices Market Forecast
12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market
12.6 South America Herbs & Spices Market Analysis by Country
12.6.1 Brazil Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate
12.6.2 Argentina Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate
12.6.3 Columbia Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate

13 Middle East and Africa Herbs & Spices Market Analysis
13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
13.2 Middle East and Africa Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.3 Middle East and Africa Herbs & Spices Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.4 Middle East and Africa Herbs & Spices Market Forecast
13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
13.6 Middle East and Africa Herbs & Spices Market Analysis by Country
13.6.1 UAE Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate
13.6.2 Egypt Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate
13.6.3 South Africa Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate

14 Conclusions and Recommendations
14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects
14.2 Advice for Investors

15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Data Source

List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Picture
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Table Herbs & Spices Key Market Segments
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure Supply Chain
Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Herbs & Spices
Table Major Players Revenue in 2019
Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019
Table Herbs Egypt Company Profile
Table Herbs Egypt Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Herbs Egypt Production and Growth Rate
Figure Herbs Egypt Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table SAFE HERBS Company Profile
Table SAFE HERBS Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure SAFE HERBS Production and Growth Rate
Figure SAFE HERBS Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table United Company Profile
Table United Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure United Production and Growth Rate
Figure United Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Spice Home Company Company Profile
Table Spice Home Company Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Spice Home Company Production and Growth Rate
Figure Spice Home Company Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Alaghsan CO. Company Profile
Table Alaghsan CO. Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Alaghsan CO. Production and Growth Rate
Figure Alaghsan CO. Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Alrehab Herbs Company Profile
Table Alrehab Herbs Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Alrehab Herbs Production and Growth Rate
Figure Alrehab Herbs Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Alekhlas Herbs Spices Company Profile
Table Alekhlas Herbs Spices Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Alekhlas Herbs Spices Production and Growth Rate
Figure Alekhlas Herbs Spices Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Nile Herbal Company Profile
Table Nile Herbal Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Nile Herbal Production and Growth Rate
Figure Nile Herbal Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Global Herbs & Spices Sales by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)
Figure Global Herbs Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Herbs Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Spices Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Spices Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Herbs (2020-2025)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Herbs (2020-2025)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Spices (2020-2025)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Spices (2020-2025)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Sales by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Figure Global Food & Beverages Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Food & Beverages Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Personal Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Personal Care Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Nutraceutical Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Nutraceutical Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Pharmaceutical Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Pharmaceutical Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Food & Beverages (2020-2025)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Food & Beverages (2020-2025)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Personal Care (2020-2025)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Personal Care (2020-2025)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Nutraceutical (2020-2025)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Nutraceutical (2020-2025)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Pharmaceutical (2020-2025)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Pharmaceutical (2020-2025)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Herbs & Spices Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Figure North America Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Herbs & Spices Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure North America Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure U.S. Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Herbs & Spices Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Germany Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure United Kingdom Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Russia Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Herbs & Spices Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Asia-Pacific Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure China Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Australia Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Herbs & Spices Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure South America Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Brazil Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Argentina Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Columbia Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Herbs & Spices Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Herbs & Spices Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure UAE Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Egypt Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Herbs & Spices Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
The Global Herbs & Spices Market has been segregated into various crucial divisions including applications, types, and regions. Each market segment is intensively studied in the report contemplating its market acceptance, worthiness, demand, and growth prospects. The segmentation analysis will help the client to customize their marketing approach to have a better command of each segment and to identify the most prospective customer base.

Report Objectives / Segmentation Covered :

By Companies / players:
By Regions:
By Type:
By Application:

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Frequently asked questions(FAQ's):

What are the major applications for Global Herbs & Spices?

Global Herbs & Spices has a wide range of applications, including and others.

How big is the Global Herbs & Spices Market by 2030?

It is expected that the Global Herbs & Spices Market will reach USD XX million by 2030.

What challenges does the Global Herbs & Spices Market face in the future?

The convergence of various vital triggers, including a major slowdown in Western economies, and some critical points in globalization, leads to the transformation of business in the Global Herbs & Spices Market across the extensive corporate landscape.

What are the primary data sources used to evaluate the Global Herbs & Spices Market sizing?

The majority of data for the Global Herbs & Spices Industry is gathered through primary sources, which include interviews and surveys with industry experts from the core and related industries involved in the supply chain. Secondary sources, such as SEC filings, annual reports, whitepapers, and press releases, are also used.