Global Association Management Software Market Research Report with Opportunities and Strategies to Boost Growth- Impact and Recovery

  • Report Code : MAI2373096
  • Published On: May, 2021
  • Category : IT & Telecom
  • Pages : 115
  • A software for Association Management. Association management is a field of management which focuses on the management of associations.

    Based on the Association Management Software market development status, competitive landscape and development model in different regions of the world, this report is dedicated to providing niche markets, potential risks and comprehensive competitive strategy analysis in different fields. From the competitive advantages of different types of products and services, the development opportunities and consumption characteristics and structure analysis of the downstream application fields are all analyzed in detail. To Boost Growth during the epidemic era, this report analyzes in detail for the potential risks and opportunities which can be focused on.


    In Chapter 2.4 of the report, we share our perspectives for the impact of COVID-19 from the long and short term.

    In chapter 3.4, we provide the influence of the crisis on the industry chain, especially for marketing channels.

    In chapters 8-13, we update the timely industry economic revitalization plan of the country-wise government.


    Key players in the global Association Management Software market covered in Chapter 5:

    TOPS Professional

    Tendenci

    Aptify

    Book-It Membership Software

    Cvent Event Management

    Dashboard

    Raklet

    in1touch

    MASS

    Personify360


    In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Association Management Software market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:

    On-Premise

    Cloud-Based


    In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Association Management Software market from 2015 to 2025 covers:

    Windows

    Android Native

    iOS Native


    Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8-13:

    North America (Covered in Chapter 9)

    United States

    Canada

    Mexico

    Europe (Covered in Chapter 10)

    Germany

    UK

    France

    Italy

    Spain

    Russia

    Others

    Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 11)

    China

    Japan

    South Korea

    Australia

    India

    South America (Covered in Chapter 12)

    Brazil

    Argentina

    Columbia

    Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 13)

    UAE

    Egypt

    South Africa


    Years considered for this report:

    Historical Years: 2015-2019

    Base Year: 2019

    Estimated Year: 2020

    Forecast Period: 2020-2025

     

  • With tables and figures helping analyze worldwide Global Association Management Software market, this research provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.

    Table of Content

    1 Market Overview

    1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics

    1.2 Global Association Management Software Market Size

    1.3 Market Segmentation

    1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis

    1.5 SWOT Analysis


    2. Market Dynamics

    2.1 Market Drivers

    2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges

    2.3 Emerging Market Trends

    2.4 Impact of COVID-19

    2.4.1 Short-term Impact
    2.4.2 Long-term Impact

    3 Associated Industry Assessment

    3.1 Supply Chain Analysis

    3.2 Industry Active Participants

    3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials
    3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers

    3.3 Alternative Analysis

    3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain


    4 Market Competitive Landscape

    4.1 Industry Leading Players

    4.2 Industry News

    4.2.1 Key Product Launch News
    4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans

    5 Analysis of Leading Companies

    5.1 TOPS Professional

    5.1.1 TOPS Professional Company Profile
    5.1.2 TOPS Professional Business Overview
    5.1.3 TOPS Professional Association Management Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.1.4 TOPS Professional Association Management Software Products Introduction

    5.2 Tendenci

    5.2.1 Tendenci Company Profile
    5.2.2 Tendenci Business Overview
    5.2.3 Tendenci Association Management Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.2.4 Tendenci Association Management Software Products Introduction

    5.3 Aptify

    5.3.1 Aptify Company Profile
    5.3.2 Aptify Business Overview
    5.3.3 Aptify Association Management Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.3.4 Aptify Association Management Software Products Introduction

    5.4 Book-It Membership Software

    5.4.1 Book-It Membership Software Company Profile
    5.4.2 Book-It Membership Software Business Overview
    5.4.3 Book-It Membership Software Association Management Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.4.4 Book-It Membership Software Association Management Software Products Introduction

    5.5 Cvent Event Management

    5.5.1 Cvent Event Management Company Profile
    5.5.2 Cvent Event Management Business Overview
    5.5.3 Cvent Event Management Association Management Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.5.4 Cvent Event Management Association Management Software Products Introduction

    5.6 Dashboard

    5.6.1 Dashboard Company Profile
    5.6.2 Dashboard Business Overview
    5.6.3 Dashboard Association Management Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.6.4 Dashboard Association Management Software Products Introduction
    5.7 Raklet
    5.7.1 Raklet Company Profile
    5.7.2 Raklet Business Overview
    5.7.3 Raklet Association Management Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.7.4 Raklet Association Management Software Products Introduction
    5.8 in1touch
    5.8.1 in1touch Company Profile
    5.8.2 in1touch Business Overview
    5.8.3 in1touch Association Management Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.8.4 in1touch Association Management Software Products Introduction
    5.9 MASS
    5.9.1 MASS Company Profile
    5.9.2 MASS Business Overview
    5.9.3 MASS Association Management Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.9.4 MASS Association Management Software Products Introduction

    5.10 Personify360

    5.10.1 Personify360 Company Profile
    5.10.2 Personify360 Business Overview
    5.10.3 Personify360 Association Management Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    5.10.4 Personify360 Association Management Software Products Introduction

    6 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Product Types

    6.1 Global Association Management Software Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

    6.1.1 Global Association Management Software Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
    6.1.2 Global Association Management Software Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
    6.1.3 Global Association Management Software Price by Types (2015-2020)

    6.2 Global Association Management Software Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)

    6.2.1 Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
    6.2.2 Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)

    6.3 Global Association Management Software Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)

    6.3.1 Global Association Management Software Sales, Price and Growth Rate of On-Premise
    6.3.2 Global Association Management Software Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Cloud-Based

    6.4 Global Association Management Software Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)

    6.4.1 On-Premise Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
    6.4.2 Cloud-Based Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

    7 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Applications

    7.1 Global Association Management Software Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)

    7.1.1 Global Association Management Software Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
    7.1.2 Global Association Management Software Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)

    7.2 Global Association Management Software Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)

    7.2.1 Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
    7.2.2 Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)

    7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)

    7.3.1 Global Association Management Software Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Windows (2015-2020)
    7.3.2 Global Association Management Software Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Android Native (2015-2020)
    7.3.3 Global Association Management Software Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of iOS Native (2015-2020)

    7.4 Global Association Management Software Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)

    7.4.1 Windows Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
    7.4.2 Android Native Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
    7.4.3 iOS Native Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

    8 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Regions

    8.1 Global Association Management Software Sales by Regions (2015-2020)

    8.2 Global Association Management Software Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)

    8.3 Global Association Management Software Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)


    9 North America Association Management Software Market Analysis

    9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis

    9.2 North America Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    9.3 North America Association Management Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    9.4 North America Association Management Software Market Forecast

    9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market

    9.6 North America Association Management Software Market Analysis by Country

    9.6.1 U.S. Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate
    9.6.2 Canada Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate
    9.6.3 Mexico Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate

    10 Europe Association Management Software Market Analysis

    10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis

    10.2 Europe Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    10.3 Europe Association Management Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    10.4 Europe Association Management Software Market Forecast

    10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market

    10.6 Europe Association Management Software Market Analysis by Country

    10.6.1 Germany Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate
    10.6.2 United Kingdom Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate
    10.6.3 France Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate
    10.6.4 Italy Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate
    10.6.5 Spain Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate
    10.6.6 Russia Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate

    11 Asia-Pacific Association Management Software Market Analysis

    11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis

    11.2 Asia-Pacific Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    11.3 Asia-Pacific Association Management Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    11.4 Asia-Pacific Association Management Software Market Forecast

    11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market

    11.6 Asia-Pacific Association Management Software Market Analysis by Country

    11.6.1 China Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate
    11.6.2 Japan Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate
    11.6.3 South Korea Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate
    11.6.4 Australia Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate
    11.6.5 India Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate

    12 South America Association Management Software Market Analysis

    12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis

    12.2 South America Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    12.3 South America Association Management Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    12.4 South America Association Management Software Market Forecast

    12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market

    12.6 South America Association Management Software Market Analysis by Country

    12.6.1 Brazil Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate
    12.6.2 Argentina Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate
    12.6.3 Columbia Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate

    13 Middle East and Africa Association Management Software Market Analysis

    13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis

    13.2 Middle East and Africa Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    13.3 Middle East and Africa Association Management Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

    13.4 Middle East and Africa Association Management Software Market Forecast

    13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market

    13.6 Middle East and Africa Association Management Software Market Analysis by Country

    13.6.1 UAE Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate
    13.6.2 Egypt Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate
    13.6.3 South Africa Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate

    14 Conclusions and Recommendations

    14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects

    14.2 Advice for Investors


    15 Appendix

    15.1 Methodology

    15.2 Research Data Source


    List of Tables and Figures
    Figure Product Picture
    Figure Global Association Management Software Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
    Table Association Management Software Key Market Segments
    Figure Global Association Management Software Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020
    Figure Global Association Management Software Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020
    Table SWOT Analysis
    Figure Global COVID-19 Status
    Figure Supply Chain
    Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Association Management Software
    Table Major Players Revenue in 2019
    Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019
    Table TOPS Professional Company Profile
    Table TOPS Professional Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure TOPS Professional Production and Growth Rate
    Figure TOPS Professional Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Tendenci Company Profile
    Table Tendenci Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure Tendenci Production and Growth Rate
    Figure Tendenci Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Aptify Company Profile
    Table Aptify Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure Aptify Production and Growth Rate
    Figure Aptify Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Book-It Membership Software Company Profile
    Table Book-It Membership Software Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure Book-It Membership Software Production and Growth Rate
    Figure Book-It Membership Software Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Cvent Event Management Company Profile
    Table Cvent Event Management Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure Cvent Event Management Production and Growth Rate
    Figure Cvent Event Management Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Dashboard Company Profile
    Table Dashboard Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure Dashboard Production and Growth Rate
    Figure Dashboard Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Raklet Company Profile
    Table Raklet Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure Raklet Production and Growth Rate
    Figure Raklet Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table in1touch Company Profile
    Table in1touch Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure in1touch Production and Growth Rate
    Figure in1touch Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table MASS Company Profile
    Table MASS Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure MASS Production and Growth Rate
    Figure MASS Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Personify360 Company Profile
    Table Personify360 Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
    Figure Personify360 Production and Growth Rate
    Figure Personify360 Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
    Table Global Association Management Software Sales by Types (2015-2020)
    Table Global Association Management Software Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)
    Table Global Association Management Software Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)
    Table Global Association Management Software Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)
    Table Global Association Management Software Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)
    Table Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)
    Table Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)
    Table Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)
    Table Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)
    Figure Global On-Premise Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Global On-Premise Price (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Cloud-Based Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Cloud-Based Price (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Association Management Software Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of On-Premise (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of On-Premise (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Association Management Software Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Cloud-Based (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Cloud-Based (2020-2025)
    Table Global Association Management Software Sales by Applications (2015-2020)
    Table Global Association Management Software Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)
    Table Global Association Management Software Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)
    Table Global Association Management Software Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)
    Table Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)
    Table Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)
    Table Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)
    Table Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Windows Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Windows Price (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Android Native Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Android Native Price (2015-2020)
    Figure Global iOS Native Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Global iOS Native Price (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Association Management Software Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Windows (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Windows (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Association Management Software Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Android Native (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Android Native (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Association Management Software Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of iOS Native (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of iOS Native (2020-2025)
    Figure Global Association Management Software Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Table Global Association Management Software Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
    Table Global Association Management Software Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Association Management Software Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019
    Figure Global Association Management Software Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Table Global Association Management Software Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
    Table Global Association Management Software Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
    Figure Global Association Management Software Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
    Table Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)
    Table Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)
    Table Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)
    Table Global Association Management Software Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)
    Figure North America Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure North America Association Management Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure North America Association Management Software Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
    Figure North America Association Management Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
    Figure North America COVID-19 Status
    Figure U.S. Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Canada Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Mexico Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Europe Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Europe Association Management Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Europe Association Management Software Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
    Figure Europe Association Management Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
    Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
    Figure Germany Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure United Kingdom Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure France Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Italy Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Spain Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Russia Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Asia-Pacific Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Asia-Pacific Association Management Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Asia-Pacific Association Management Software Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
    Figure Asia-Pacific Association Management Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
    Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
    Figure China Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Japan Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure South Korea Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Australia Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure India Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure South America Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure South America Association Management Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure South America Association Management Software Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
    Figure South America Association Management Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
    Figure Brazil Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Argentina Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Columbia Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Middle East and Africa Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Middle East and Africa Association Management Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Middle East and Africa Association Management Software Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
    Figure Middle East and Africa Association Management Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
    Figure UAE Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure Egypt Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
    Figure South Africa Association Management Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

     

  • The Global Association Management Software Market has been segregated into various crucial divisions including applications, types, and regions. Each market segment is intensively studied in the report contemplating its market acceptance, worthiness, demand, and growth prospects. The segmentation analysis will help the client to customize their marketing approach to have a better command of each segment and to identify the most prospective customer base.

    Report Objectives / Segmentation Covered :
    By Companies / players:
      By Regions:
        By Type:
          By Application:
          Frequently asked questions(FAQ's):
          What is the Global Association Management Software Market really preparing for?

          Companies in the Global Association Management Software Industry will need to adapt swiftly to the behavioral changes that are reshaping consumer decision journeys.

          What are the major applications of the Global Association Management Software Market?

          Depending upon the type of applications, the Global Association Management Software Market has been segmented into and other applications.

          What is the current state of the Global Association Management Software Industry, and what is the projected growth trajectory through 2029?

          In 2023, the Global Association Management Software Market share surpassed USD xx million, and between 2024 and 2029, it will grow at a CAGR of yy%.

          What is Global Association Management Software Market Concentration Rate?

          In addition to the Global Association Management Software Market share analysis by competitors, the report also includes chapters on the HHI Index, CR4, and CR8 to characterize the concentration rate and competitive character of the Global Association Management Software Market.

          How is the competitive landscape for the Global Association Management Software Market defined?

          Companies in the Global Association Management Software Industry are thoroughly researched and profiled in order to determine why certain trends will have a significant impact and how they will be factored into the Global Association Management Software Market's trajectory and future outlook.

          Our Clients