Butterfly Nut - Global and China Top Players Market Share and Ranking 2024

  • According to Ample Market Research, the global market for Butterfly Nut should grow from US$ million in 2023 to US$ million by 2030, with a CAGR of % for the period of 2024-2030.

    By country, China accounted for percent of the global market last year and China’s market share increased from percent to percent. China Butterfly Nut market should grow from US$ million in 2023 to US$ million by 2030, with a CAGR of % for the period of 2024-2030. The United States Butterfly Nut market should grow from US$ million in 2023 to US$ million by 2030, with a CAGR of % for the period of 2024-2030.

    By segment, Commercial grew percent to account for percent of the total market sales, and Industrial grew percent.

    This report studies and analyses global Butterfly Nut status and future trends, helps the client to determine the Butterfly Nut market size of the total market opportunity by Type, by Application, by company, and by region & country. This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the world market for Butterfly Nut, and provides market size (in K Units & US$ million) and Year-over-Year growth, considering 2024 as the base year.

    For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.

    To assess the competitive environment within the market including supplier revenue, market share, and company profiles.

    Highlights

    (1) Global Butterfly Nut market size, history data 2019-2024, and forecast data 2024 -2030, (US$ million) & (K Units)

    (2) Global Butterfly Nut sales, revenue, price by company, market share and industry ranking 2019-2024, (US$ million) & (K Units)

    (3) China Butterfly Nut sales, revenue, price by company, market share and industry ranking 2019-2024, (US$ million) & (K Units)

    (4) Global Butterfly Nut key consuming regions, consumption quantity, consumption value and demand structure

    (5) Global Butterfly Nut key producing regions, capacity, production, and year over year growth

    (6) Butterfly Nut industry chains, upstream, midstream and downstream

    Market segment by players, this report covers

    ELESA

    Essentra Components

    GAMM

    Imao Corporation

    ISC PLASTIC PARTS

    Jergens, Inc.

    Paani Precision Products LLP

    Buckeye Fasteners Company

    Fuji Fastener

    Helix Steel Products Corporation

    Leland Industries

    National Bolt & Nut Corporation

    PCC Fasteners

    Schmeck Verbindungstechnik GmbH

    NORIS Armaturen Burkenstein GmbH

    Otto Ganter GmbH

    Vaishnavi Metal Products

    Vital Parts Ltd

    Xhnotion

    Shanghai Eastern Waves Company

    Shenzhen In SaiL Precision Parts

    Market segment by Type, covers

    Stainless Steel

    Brass

    Others

    Market segment by Application, can be divided into

    Commercial

    Industrial

    Household

    Market segment by regions, regional analysis covers

    North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico)

    Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)

    Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Rest of Asia-Pacific)

    South America (Brazil, Rest of South America)

    Middle East & Africa

    Report Includes:

    Chapter 1: to describe Butterfly Nut product scope, global sales quantity, value and average price, China sales quantity, value and average price, development opportunities, challenges, trends, and policies.

    Chapter 2: Global Butterfly Nut market share and ranking of major manufacturers, sales quantity, revenue, average price, 2019-2024

    Chapter 3: China Butterfly Nut market share and ranking of major manufacturers, sales quantity, revenue, average price, 2019-2024

    Chapter 4: Global key producing regions of Butterfly Nut, percent & CAGR, 2019-2030

    Chapter 5: Butterfly Nut industry chain, upstream, medium-stream, and downstream.

    Chapter 6: Segment by Type, sales quantity, average price, consumption value, percent & CAGR, 2019-2030

    Chapter 7: Segment by Application, sales quantity, average price, consumption value, percent & CAGR, 2019-2030

    Chapter 8: Segment in regional level, sales quantity, average price, consumption value, percent & CAGR, 2019-2030

    Chapter 9: Segment in country level, sales quantity, average price, consumption value, percent & CAGR, 2019-2030

    Chapter 10: Company profile, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product specifications, application, recent development, sales quantity, average price, revenue, gross margin.

    Chapter 11: Conclusions

     

  • With tables and figures helping analyze worldwide Butterfly Nut Global and China Top Players market, this research provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.


    1 Market Overview

    1.1 Butterfly Nut Definition

    1.2 Global Butterfly Nut Market Size and Forecast

    1.2.1 By Consumption Value, Global Butterfly Nut Market Size,2019-2030
    1.2.2 By Sales Quantity, Global Butterfly Nut Market Size,2019-2030
    1.2.3 Global Butterfly Nut Average Selling Price (ASP),2019-2030

    1.3 China Butterfly Nut Market Size and Forecast

    1.3.1 By Consumption Value, China Butterfly Nut Market Size,2019-2030
    1.3.2 By Sales Quantity, China Butterfly Nut Market Size,2019-2030
    1.3.3 China Butterfly Nut Average Selling Price (ASP), 2019-2030

    1.4 Share of China Butterfly Nut Market with Respect to the Global Market

    1.4.1 By Consumption Value, China Butterfly Nut Market Share in Global, 2019-2030
    1.4.2 By Sales Quantity, China Butterfly Nut Market Share in Global, 2019-2030
    1.4.3 Butterfly Nut Market Size: China VS Global, 2019-2030

    1.5 Butterfly Nut Market Dynamics

    1.5.1 Butterfly Nut Market Drivers
    1.5.2 Butterfly Nut Market Restraints
    1.5.3 Butterfly Nut Industry Trends
    1.5.4 Butterfly Nut Industry Policy

    2 Global Leading Manufacturers and Market Share

    2.1 By Revenue of Butterfly Nut, Global Market Share by Company, 2019-2024

    2.2 By Sales Quantity of Butterfly Nut, Global Market Share by Company, 2019-2024

    2.3 Butterfly Nut Average Selling Price (ASP) by Company, 2019-2024

    2.4 Global Butterfly Nut Participants, Market Position (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)

    2.5 Global Butterfly Nut Concentration Ratio

    2.6 Global Butterfly Nut Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

    2.7 Global Butterfly Nut Manufacturers Product Type
    2.8 Head Office and Butterfly Nut Production Site of Key Manufacturer
    2.9 Butterfly Nut Capacity of Major Manufacturers and Future Plan

    3 China Leading Manufacturers and Market Share

    3.1 By Revenue of Butterfly Nut, China Market Share by Company, 2019-2024

    3.2 By Sales Quantity of Butterfly Nut, China Market Share by Company, 2019-2024

    3.3 China Butterfly Nut Participants, Market Position (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)


    4 Global Producing Regions

    4.1 Global Butterfly Nut Capacity, Output and Capacity Utilization, 2019-2030

    4.2 Global Butterfly Nut Capacity by Region

    4.3 Global Butterfly Nut Production & Forecast by Region, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030

    4.4 Global Butterfly Nut Production by Region, 2019-2030

    4.5 Global Butterfly Nut Production Market Share & Forecast by Region, 2019-2030


    5 Industry Chain Analysis

    5.1 Butterfly Nut Industry Chain

    5.2 Butterfly Nut Upstream Analysis

    5.2.1 Butterfly Nut Core Raw Materials
    5.2.2 Main Manufacturers of Butterfly Nut Core Raw Materials

    5.3 Midstream Analysis

    5.4 Downstream Analysis

    5.5 Butterfly Nut Production Mode

    5.6 Butterfly Nut Procurement Model

    5.7 Butterfly Nut Industry Sales Model and Sales Channels
    5.7.1 Butterfly Nut Sales Model
    5.7.2 Butterfly Nut Typical Distributors

    6 Sights by Type

    6.1 Butterfly Nut Classification

    6.1.1 Stainless Steel
    6.1.2 Brass
    6.1.3 Others

    6.2 By Type, Global Butterfly Nut Consumption Value & CAGR, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030

    6.3 By Type, Global Butterfly Nut Consumption Value, 2019-2030

    6.4 By Type, Global Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, 2019-2030

    6.5 By Type, Global Butterfly Nut Average Selling Price (ASP), 2019-2030


    7 Sights by Application

    7.1 Butterfly Nut Segment by Application

    7.1.1 Commercial
    7.1.2 Industrial
    7.1.3 Household

    7.2 By Application, Global Butterfly Nut Consumption Value & CAGR, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030

    7.3 By Application, Global Butterfly Nut Consumption Value, 2019-2030

    7.4 By Application, Global Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, 2019-2030

    7.5 By Application, Global Butterfly Nut Price, 2019-2030


    8 Sales Sights by Region

    8.1 By Region, Global Butterfly Nut Consumption Value, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030

    8.2 By Region, Global Butterfly Nut Consumption Value, 2019-2030

    8.3 By Region, Global Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, 2019-2030

    8.4 North America

    8.4.1 North America Butterfly Nut & Forecasts, 2019-2030
    8.4.2 By Country, North America Butterfly Nut Market Size Market Share

    8.5 Europe

    8.5.1 Europe Butterfly Nut Market Size & Forecasts, 2019-2030
    8.5.2 By Country, Europe Butterfly Nut Market Size Market Share

    8.6 Asia Pacific

    8.6.1 Asia Pacific Butterfly Nut Market Size & Forecasts, 2019-2030
    8.6.2 By Country/Region, Asia Pacific Butterfly Nut Market Size Market Share
    8.7 South America
    8.7.1 South America Butterfly Nut Market Size & Forecasts, 2019-2030
    8.7.2 By Country, South America Butterfly Nut Market Size Market Share
    8.8 Middle East & Africa

    9 Sales Sights by Country Level

    9.1 By Country, Global Butterfly Nut Market Size & CAGR, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030

    9.2 By Country, Global Butterfly Nut Consumption Value, 2019-2030

    9.3 By Country, Global Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, 2019-2030

    9.4 U.S.

    9.4.1 U.S. Butterfly Nut Market Size, 2019-2030
    9.4.2 By Type, U.S. Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030
    9.4.3 By Application, U.S. Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030

    9.5 Europe

    9.5.1 Europe Butterfly Nut Market Size, 2019-2030
    9.5.2 By Type, Europe Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030
    9.5.3 By Application, Europe Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030

    9.6 China

    9.6.1 China Butterfly Nut Market Size, 2019-2030
    9.6.2 By Type, China Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030
    9.6.3 By Application, China Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030
    9.7 Japan
    9.7.1 Japan Butterfly Nut Market Size, 2019-2030
    9.7.2 By Type, Japan Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030
    9.7.3 By Application, Japan Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030
    9.8 South Korea
    9.8.1 South Korea Butterfly Nut Market Size, 2019-2030
    9.8.2 By Type, South Korea Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030
    9.8.3 By Application, South Korea Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030
    9.9 Southeast Asia
    9.9.1 Southeast Asia Butterfly Nut Market Size, 2019-2030
    9.9.2 By Type, Southeast Asia Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030
    9.9.3 By Application, Southeast Asia Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030

    9.10 India

    9.10.1 India Butterfly Nut Market Size, 2019-2030
    9.10.2 By Type, India Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030
    9.10.3 By Application, India Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030
    9.11 Middle East & Africa
    9.11.1 Middle East & Africa Butterfly Nut Market Size, 2019-2030
    9.11.2 By Type, Middle East & Africa Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030
    9.11.3 By Application, Middle East & Africa Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2030

    10 Manufacturers Profile

    10.1 ELESA

    10.1.1 ELESA Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.1.2 ELESA Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.1.3 ELESA Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.1.4 ELESA Company Profile and Main Business
    10.1.5 ELESA Recent Developments

    10.2 Essentra Components

    10.2.1 Essentra Components Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.2.2 Essentra Components Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.2.3 Essentra Components Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.2.4 Essentra Components Company Profile and Main Business
    10.2.5 Essentra Components Recent Developments

    10.3 GAMM

    10.3.1 GAMM Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.3.2 GAMM Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.3.3 GAMM Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.3.4 GAMM Company Profile and Main Business
    10.3.5 GAMM Recent Developments

    10.4 Imao Corporation

    10.4.1 Imao Corporation Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.4.2 Imao Corporation Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.4.3 Imao Corporation Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.4.4 Imao Corporation Company Profile and Main Business
    10.4.5 Imao Corporation Recent Developments

    10.5 ISC PLASTIC PARTS

    10.5.1 ISC PLASTIC PARTS Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.5.2 ISC PLASTIC PARTS Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.5.3 ISC PLASTIC PARTS Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.5.4 ISC PLASTIC PARTS Company Profile and Main Business
    10.5.5 ISC PLASTIC PARTS Recent Developments

    10.6 Jergens, Inc.

    10.6.1 Jergens, Inc. Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.6.2 Jergens, Inc. Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.6.3 Jergens, Inc. Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.6.4 Jergens, Inc. Company Profile and Main Business
    10.6.5 Jergens, Inc. Recent Developments
    10.7 Paani Precision Products LLP
    10.7.1 Paani Precision Products LLP Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.7.2 Paani Precision Products LLP Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.7.3 Paani Precision Products LLP Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.7.4 Paani Precision Products LLP Company Profile and Main Business
    10.7.5 Paani Precision Products LLP Recent Developments
    10.8 Buckeye Fasteners Company
    10.8.1 Buckeye Fasteners Company Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.8.2 Buckeye Fasteners Company Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.8.3 Buckeye Fasteners Company Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.8.4 Buckeye Fasteners Company Company Profile and Main Business
    10.8.5 Buckeye Fasteners Company Recent Developments
    10.9 Fuji Fastener
    10.9.1 Fuji Fastener Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.9.2 Fuji Fastener Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.9.3 Fuji Fastener Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.9.4 Fuji Fastener Company Profile and Main Business
    10.9.5 Fuji Fastener Recent Developments

    10.10 Helix Steel Products Corporation

    10.10.1 Helix Steel Products Corporation Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.10.2 Helix Steel Products Corporation Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.10.3 Helix Steel Products Corporation Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.10.4 Helix Steel Products Corporation Company Profile and Main Business
    10.10.5 Helix Steel Products Corporation Recent Developments
    10.11 Leland Industries
    10.11.1 Leland Industries Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.11.2 Leland Industries Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.11.3 Leland Industries Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.11.4 Leland Industries Company Profile and Main Business
    10.11.5 Leland Industries Recent Developments
    10.12 National Bolt & Nut Corporation
    10.12.1 National Bolt & Nut Corporation Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.12.2 National Bolt & Nut Corporation Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.12.3 National Bolt & Nut Corporation Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.12.4 National Bolt & Nut Corporation Company Profile and Main Business
    10.12.5 National Bolt & Nut Corporation Recent Developments
    10.13 PCC Fasteners
    10.13.1 PCC Fasteners Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.13.2 PCC Fasteners Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.13.3 PCC Fasteners Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.13.4 PCC Fasteners Company Profile and Main Business
    10.13.5 PCC Fasteners Recent Developments
    10.14 Schmeck Verbindungstechnik GmbH
    10.14.1 Schmeck Verbindungstechnik GmbH Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.14.2 Schmeck Verbindungstechnik GmbH Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.14.3 Schmeck Verbindungstechnik GmbH Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.14.4 Schmeck Verbindungstechnik GmbH Company Profile and Main Business
    10.14.5 Schmeck Verbindungstechnik GmbH Recent Developments
    10.15 NORIS Armaturen Burkenstein GmbH
    10.15.1 NORIS Armaturen Burkenstein GmbH Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.15.2 NORIS Armaturen Burkenstein GmbH Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.15.3 NORIS Armaturen Burkenstein GmbH Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.15.4 NORIS Armaturen Burkenstein GmbH Company Profile and Main Business
    10.15.5 NORIS Armaturen Burkenstein GmbH Recent Developments
    10.16 Otto Ganter GmbH
    10.16.1 Otto Ganter GmbH Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.16.2 Otto Ganter GmbH Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.16.3 Otto Ganter GmbH Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.16.4 Otto Ganter GmbH Company Profile and Main Business
    10.16.5 Otto Ganter GmbH Recent Developments
    10.17 Vaishnavi Metal Products
    10.17.1 Vaishnavi Metal Products Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.17.2 Vaishnavi Metal Products Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.17.3 Vaishnavi Metal Products Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.17.4 Vaishnavi Metal Products Company Profile and Main Business
    10.17.5 Vaishnavi Metal Products Recent Developments
    10.18 Vital Parts Ltd
    10.18.1 Vital Parts Ltd Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.18.2 Vital Parts Ltd Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.18.3 Vital Parts Ltd Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.18.4 Vital Parts Ltd Company Profile and Main Business
    10.18.5 Vital Parts Ltd Recent Developments
    10.19 Xhnotion
    10.19.1 Xhnotion Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.19.2 Xhnotion Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.19.3 Xhnotion Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.19.4 Xhnotion Company Profile and Main Business
    10.19.5 Xhnotion Recent Developments

    10.20 Shanghai Eastern Waves Company

    10.20.1 Shanghai Eastern Waves Company Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.20.2 Shanghai Eastern Waves Company Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.20.3 Shanghai Eastern Waves Company Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.20.4 Shanghai Eastern Waves Company Company Profile and Main Business
    10.20.5 Shanghai Eastern Waves Company Recent Developments
    10.21 Shenzhen In SaiL Precision Parts
    10.21.1 Shenzhen In SaiL Precision Parts Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
    10.21.2 Shenzhen In SaiL Precision Parts Butterfly Nut Models, Specifications, and Application
    10.21.3 Shenzhen In SaiL Precision Parts Butterfly Nut Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2019-2024
    10.21.4 Shenzhen In SaiL Precision Parts Company Profile and Main Business
    10.21.5 Shenzhen In SaiL Precision Parts Recent Developments

    11 Conclusion

    12 Appendix

    12.1 Research Methodology

    12.2 Data Source

    12.2.1 Secondary Sources
    12.2.2 Primary Sources

    12.3 Market Estimation Model

    12.4 Disclaimer

     

  • The Butterfly Nut Global and China Top Players Market has been segregated into various crucial divisions including applications, types, and regions. Each market segment is intensively studied in the report contemplating its market acceptance, worthiness, demand, and growth prospects. The segmentation analysis will help the client to customize their marketing approach to have a better command of each segment and to identify the most prospective customer base.

    Report Objectives / Segmentation Covered :
    By Companies / players:
      By Regions:
        By Type:
          By Application:
          Frequently asked questions(FAQ's):
          Is the Butterfly Nut Global and China Top Players Market shifting its focus from growth to value?

          Recognize the areas along the Butterfly Nut Global and China Top Players Market's value chain where players are generating value. To get a complete picture, kindly read the entire report.

          What is the forecasted growth rate of the Butterfly Nut Global and China Top Players Market?

          The Butterfly Nut Global and China Top Players Market is expected to grow at a moderate CAGR during the forecast period of 2024 to 2029.

          What does the future hold for the Butterfly Nut Global and China Top Players Market?

          As the shift to value addition continues, companies in the Butterfly Nut Global and China Top Players Market face the dual challenge of improving interoperability to optimize performance and experience.

          What are the primary data sources used to evaluate the Butterfly Nut Global and China Top Players Market sizing?

          The majority of data for the Butterfly Nut Global and China Top Players Industry is gathered through primary sources, which include interviews and surveys with industry experts from the core and related industries involved in the supply chain. Secondary sources, such as SEC filings, annual reports, whitepapers, and press releases, are also used.

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