Bag In Box Container Global Market Insights 2020, Analysis and Forecast to 2030, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application
- Report Code : PRO2426155
- Published On: Apr, 2021
- Category : Plastics, Polymers, and Elastomers
- Pages : 95
-
This report describes the global market size of Bag In Box Container from 2016 to 2020 and its CAGR from 2016 to 2020, and also forecasts its market size to the end of 2026 and its CAGR from 2021 to 2026.
For geography segment, regional supply, demand, major players, price is presented from 2016 to 2026. This report cover following regions:
North America
South America
Asia & Pacific
Europe
MEA
The key countries for each regions are also included such as United States, China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, CIS, and Brazil etc.
For competitor segment, the report include global key players of Bag In Box Container as well as some small players. The information for each competitor include:
Company Profile
Main Business Information
SWOT Analysis
Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin
Market Share
Applications Segment:
Alcoholic drinks
Post-mix syrup
Dairy and fruit juice
Edible oil
Liquid egg sauces soup
Fruit and vegetables
Companies Covered:
Liqui-Box
Scholle
Parish
Rapak
AstraPouch
CDF
Smurfit Kappa
Goglio
Shenzhen Wandajie
Qingdao LAF
Hangzhou Hansin
Sanjie Plastic
etc.
Please ask for sample pages for full companies list
Base Year: 2021
Historical Data: from 2016 to 2020
Forecast Data: from 2021 to 2026
Any special requirements about this report, please let us know and we can provide custom report.
-
With tables and figures helping analyze worldwide Bag In Box Container Global market, this research provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER 2 ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS
CHAPTER 3 PREFACE3.1 RESEARCH SCOPE
3.2 RESEARCH SOURCES
3.2.1 Data Sources
3.2.2 Assumptions3.3 RESEARCH METHOD
CHAPTER 4 MARKET LANDSCAPE4.1 MARKET OVERVIEW
4.2 CLASSIFICATION/TYPES
4.3 APPLICATION/END USERS
CHAPTER 5 MARKET TREND ANALYSIS5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 DRIVERS
5.3 RESTRAINTS
5.4 OPPORTUNITIES
5.5 THREATS
CHAPTER 6 INDUSTRY CHAIN ANALYSIS6.1 UPSTREAM/SUPPLIERS ANALYSIS
6.2 Bag In Box Container ANALYSIS
6.2.1 Technology Analysis
6.2.2 Cost Analysis
6.2.3 Market Channel Analysis6.3 DOWNSTREAM BUYERS/END USERS
CHAPTER 7 LATEST MARKET DYNAMICS7.1 LATEST NEWS
7.2 MERGER AND ACQUISITION
7.3 PLANNED/FUTURE PROJECT
7.4 POLICY DYNAMICS
CHAPTER 8 TRADING ANALYSIS8.1 EXPORT OF Bag In Box Container BY REGION
8.2 IMPORT OF Bag In Box Container BY REGION
8.3 BALANCE OF TRADE
CHAPTER 9 HISTORICAL AND FORECAST Bag In Box Container MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA (2016-2026)9.1 Bag In Box Container MARKET SIZE
9.2 Bag In Box Container DEMAND BY END USE
9.3 COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS
9.4 TYPE SEGMENTATION AND PRICE
9.5 KEY COUNTRIES ANALYSIS
9.5.1 US
9.5.2 Canada
9.5.3 Mexico
CHAPTER 10 HISTORICAL AND FORECAST Bag In Box Container MARKET IN SOUTH AMERICA (2016-2026)10.1 Bag In Box Container MARKET SIZE
10.2 Bag In Box Container DEMAND BY END USE
10.3 COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS
10.4 TYPE SEGMENTATION AND PRICE
10.5 KEY COUNTRIES ANALYSIS
10.5.1 Brazil
10.5.2 Argentina
10.5.3 Chile
10.5.4 Peru
CHAPTER 11 HISTORICAL AND FORECAST Bag In Box Container MARKET IN ASIA & PACIFIC (2016-2026)11.1 Bag In Box Container MARKET SIZE
11.2 Bag In Box Container DEMAND BY END USE
11.3 COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS
11.4 TYPE SEGMENTATION AND PRICE
11.5 KEY COUNTRIES ANALYSIS
11.5.1 China
11.5.2 India
11.5.3 Japan
11.5.4 South Korea
11.5.5 ASEAN
11.5.6 Australia
CHAPTER 12 HISTORICAL AND FORECAST Bag In Box Container MARKET IN EUROPE (2016-2026)12.1 Bag In Box Container MARKET SIZE
12.2 Bag In Box Container DEMAND BY END USE
12.3 COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS
12.4 TYPE SEGMENTATION AND PRICE
12.5 KEY COUNTRIES ANALYSIS
12.5.1 Germany
12.5.2 France
12.5.3 UK
12.5.4 Italy
12.5.5 Spain
12.5.6 Belgium
12.5.7 Netherlands
12.5.8 Austria
12.5.9 Poland
12.5.10 Russia
CHAPTER 13 HISTORICAL AND FORECAST Bag In Box Container MARKET IN MEA (2016-2026)13.1 Bag In Box Container MARKET SIZE
13.2 Bag In Box Container DEMAND BY END USE
13.3 COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS
13.4 TYPE SEGMENTATION AND PRICE
13.5 KEY COUNTRIES ANALYSIS
13.5.1 Egypt
13.5.2 Israel
13.5.3 South Africa
13.5.4 GCC
13.5.5 Turkey
CHAPTER 14 SUMMARY FOR GLOBAL Bag In Box Container MARKET (2016-2021)14.1 Bag In Box Container MARKET SIZE
14.2 Bag In Box Container DEMAND BY END USE
14.3 COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS
14.4 TYPE SEGMENTATION AND PRICE
CHAPTER 15 GLOBAL Bag In Box Container MARKET FORECAST (2021-2026)15.1 Bag In Box Container MARKET SIZE FORECAST
15.2 Bag In Box Container DEMAND FORECAST
15.3 COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS
15.4 TYPE SEGMENTATION AND PRICE FORECAST
CHAPTER 16 ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL KEY VENDORS
16.1 Liqui-Box
16.1.1 Company Profile
16.1.2 Main Business and Bag In Box Container Information
16.1.3 SWOT Analysis of Liqui-Box
16.1.4 Liqui-Box Bag In Box Container Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.2 Scholle
16.2.1 Company Profile
16.2.2 Main Business and Bag In Box Container Information
16.2.3 SWOT Analysis of Scholle
16.2.4 Scholle Bag In Box Container Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.3 Parish
16.3.1 Company Profile
16.3.2 Main Business and Bag In Box Container Information
16.3.3 SWOT Analysis of Parish
16.3.4 Parish Bag In Box Container Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.4 Rapak
16.4.1 Company Profile
16.4.2 Main Business and Bag In Box Container Information
16.4.3 SWOT Analysis of Rapak
16.4.4 Rapak Bag In Box Container Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.5 AstraPouch
16.5.1 Company Profile
16.5.2 Main Business and Bag In Box Container Information
16.5.3 SWOT Analysis of AstraPouch
16.5.4 AstraPouch Bag In Box Container Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.6 CDF
16.6.1 Company Profile
16.6.2 Main Business and Bag In Box Container Information
16.6.3 SWOT Analysis of CDF
16.6.4 CDF Bag In Box Container Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.7 Smurfit Kappa
16.7.1 Company Profile
16.7.2 Main Business and Bag In Box Container Information
16.7.3 SWOT Analysis of Smurfit Kappa
16.7.4 Smurfit Kappa Bag In Box Container Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.8 Goglio
16.8.1 Company Profile
16.8.2 Main Business and Bag In Box Container Information
16.8.3 SWOT Analysis of Goglio
16.8.4 Goglio Bag In Box Container Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.9 Shenzhen Wandajie
16.9.1 Company Profile
16.9.2 Main Business and Bag In Box Container Information
16.9.3 SWOT Analysis of Shenzhen Wandajie
16.9.4 Shenzhen Wandajie Bag In Box Container Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.10 Qingdao LAF
16.10.1 Company Profile
16.10.2 Main Business and Bag In Box Container Information
16.10.3 SWOT Analysis of Qingdao LAF
16.10.4 Qingdao LAF Bag In Box Container Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.11 Hangzhou Hansin
16.11.1 Company Profile
16.11.2 Main Business and Bag In Box Container Information
16.11.3 SWOT Analysis of Hangzhou Hansin
16.11.4 Hangzhou Hansin Bag In Box Container Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.12 Sanjie Plastic
16.12.1 Company Profile
16.12.2 Main Business and Bag In Box Container Information
16.12.3 SWOT Analysis of Sanjie Plastic
16.12.4 Sanjie Plastic Bag In Box Container Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
TABLES AND FIGURES
Table Abbreviation and Acronyms List
Table Research Scope of Bag In Box Container Report
Table Data Sources of Bag In Box Container Report
Table Major Assumptions of Bag In Box Container Report
Figure Market Size Estimated Method
Figure Major Forecasting Factors
Figure Bag In Box Container Picture
Table Bag In Box Container Classification
Table Bag In Box Container Applications List
Table Drivers of Bag In Box Container Market
Table Restraints of Bag In Box Container Market
Table Opportunities of Bag In Box Container Market
Table Threats of Bag In Box Container Market
Table Raw Materials Suppliers List
Table Different Production Methods of Bag In Box Container
Table Cost Structure Analysis of Bag In Box Container
Table Key End Users List
Table Latest News of Bag In Box Container Market
Table Merger and Acquisition List
Table Planned/Future Project of Bag In Box Container Market
Table Policy of Bag In Box Container Market
Table 2016-2026 Regional Export of Bag In Box Container
Table 2016-2026 Regional Import of Bag In Box Container
Table 2016-2026 Regional Trade Balance
Figure 2016-2026 Regional Trade Balance
Table 2016-2026 North America Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2016-2026 North America Bag In Box Container Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2016-2026 North America Bag In Box Container Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2016-2026 North America Bag In Box Container Demand List by Application
Table 2016-2021 North America Bag In Box Container Key Players Sales List
Table 2016-2021 North America Bag In Box Container Key Players Market Share List
Table 2016-2026 North America Bag In Box Container Demand List by Type
Table 2016-2021 North America Bag In Box Container Price List by Type
Table 2016-2026 US Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 US Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Canada Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Canada Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Mexico Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Mexico Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 South America Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2016-2026 South America Bag In Box Container Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2016-2026 South America Bag In Box Container Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2016-2026 South America Bag In Box Container Demand List by Application
Table 2016-2021 South America Bag In Box Container Key Players Sales List
Table 2016-2021 South America Bag In Box Container Key Players Market Share List
Table 2016-2026 South America Bag In Box Container Demand List by Type
Table 2016-2021 South America Bag In Box Container Price List by Type
Table 2016-2026 Brazil Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Brazil Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Argentina Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Argentina Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Chile Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Chile Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Peru Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Peru Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Asia & Pacific Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2016-2026 Asia & Pacific Bag In Box Container Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2016-2026 Asia & Pacific Bag In Box Container Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2016-2026 Asia & Pacific Bag In Box Container Demand List by Application
Table 2016-2021 Asia & Pacific Bag In Box Container Key Players Sales List
Table 2016-2021 Asia & Pacific Bag In Box Container Key Players Market Share List
Table 2016-2026 Asia & Pacific Bag In Box Container Demand List by Type
Table 2016-2021 Asia & Pacific Bag In Box Container Price List by Type
Table 2016-2026 China Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 China Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 India Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 India Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Japan Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Japan Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 South Korea Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 South Korea Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 ASEAN Bag In Box Container Market Size List
Table 2016-2026 ASEAN Bag In Box Container Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 ASEAN Bag In Box Container Import List
Table 2016-2026 ASEAN Bag In Box Container Export List
Table 2016-2026 Australia Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Australia Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Europe Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2016-2026 Europe Bag In Box Container Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2016-2026 Europe Bag In Box Container Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2016-2026 Europe Bag In Box Container Demand List by Application
Table 2016-2021 Europe Bag In Box Container Key Players Sales List
Table 2016-2021 Europe Bag In Box Container Key Players Market Share List
Table 2016-2026 Europe Bag In Box Container Demand List by Type
Table 2016-2021 Europe Bag In Box Container Price List by Type
Table 2016-2026 Germany Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Germany Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 France Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 France Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 UK Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 UK Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Italy Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Italy Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Spain Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Spain Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Belgium Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Belgium Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Netherlands Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Netherlands Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Austria Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Austria Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Poland Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Poland Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Russia Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Russia Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 MEA Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2016-2026 MEA Bag In Box Container Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2016-2026 MEA Bag In Box Container Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2016-2026 MEA Bag In Box Container Demand List by Application
Table 2016-2021 MEA Bag In Box Container Key Players Sales List
Table 2016-2021 MEA Bag In Box Container Key Players Market Share List
Table 2016-2026 MEA Bag In Box Container Demand List by Type
Table 2016-2021 MEA Bag In Box Container Price List by Type
Table 2016-2026 Egypt Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Egypt Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Israel Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Israel Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 South Africa Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 South Africa Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 GCC Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 GCC Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Turkey Bag In Box Container Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Turkey Bag In Box Container Import & Export List
Table 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Market Size List by Region
Table 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Market Volume List by Region
Table 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Demand List by Application
Table 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Capacity List
Table 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Key Vendors Production List
Table 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Key Vendors Production Share List
Figure 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Key Vendors Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Demand List by Type
Table 2016-2021 Global Bag In Box Container Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2016-2021 Regional Bag In Box Container Price List
Table 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Market Size List by Region
Table 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Market Volume List by Region
Table 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Demand List by Application
Table 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Capacity List
Table 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Key Vendors Production List
Table 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Key Vendors Production Share List
Figure 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Key Vendors Production Value List
Figure 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Demand List by Type
Table 2021-2026 Global Bag In Box Container Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2021-2026 Regional Bag In Box Container Price List
Table Liqui-Box Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Liqui-Box
Table 2016-2021 Liqui-Box Bag In Box Container Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Liqui-Box Bag In Box Container Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Scholle Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Scholle
Table 2016-2021 Scholle Bag In Box Container Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Scholle Bag In Box Container Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Parish Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Parish
Table 2016-2021 Parish Bag In Box Container Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Parish Bag In Box Container Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Rapak Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Rapak
Table 2016-2021 Rapak Bag In Box Container Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Rapak Bag In Box Container Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table AstraPouch Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of AstraPouch
Table 2016-2021 AstraPouch Bag In Box Container Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 AstraPouch Bag In Box Container Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table CDF Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of CDF
Table 2016-2021 CDF Bag In Box Container Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 CDF Bag In Box Container Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Smurfit Kappa Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Smurfit Kappa
Table 2016-2021 Smurfit Kappa Bag In Box Container Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Smurfit Kappa Bag In Box Container Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Goglio Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Goglio
Table 2016-2021 Goglio Bag In Box Container Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Goglio Bag In Box Container Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Shenzhen Wandajie Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Shenzhen Wandajie
Table 2016-2021 Shenzhen Wandajie Bag In Box Container Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Shenzhen Wandajie Bag In Box Container Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Qingdao LAF Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Qingdao LAF
Table 2016-2021 Qingdao LAF Bag In Box Container Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Qingdao LAF Bag In Box Container Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Hangzhou Hansin Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Hangzhou Hansin
Table 2016-2021 Hangzhou Hansin Bag In Box Container Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Hangzhou Hansin Bag In Box Container Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Sanjie Plastic Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Sanjie Plastic
Table 2016-2021 Sanjie Plastic Bag In Box Container Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Sanjie Plastic Bag In Box Container Capacity Production and Growth Rate
-
The Bag In Box Container Global Market has been segregated into various crucial divisions including applications, types, and regions. Each market segment is intensively studied in the report contemplating its market acceptance, worthiness, demand, and growth prospects. The segmentation analysis will help the client to customize their marketing approach to have a better command of each segment and to identify the most prospective customer base.
Report Objectives / Segmentation Covered :
By Companies / players:
By Regions:
By Type:
By Application:
Frequently asked questions(FAQ's):
In recent years, the Bag In Box Container Global Market has grown at an incredible rate. From 2024 to 2029, the market is expected to grow at a CAGR of yy%.
According to the Bag In Box Container Global Market research paper, organizations are making more progress than their supply chain counterparts, including suppliers.
The majority of data for the Bag In Box Container Global Industry is gathered through primary sources, which include interviews and surveys with industry experts from the core and related industries involved in the supply chain. Secondary sources, such as SEC filings, annual reports, whitepapers, and press releases, are also used.